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University year 1 semester 2 > Engineering Systems > Flashcards

Engineering Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What does system engineering involve?

A

Definition of the requirements for a system, development of the system itself, and deployment of the system in an operating environment.

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2
Q

What characteristics should a good system have?

A

Effective, manageable, cost-efficient, compatible and supportive, comprehensive and usable, reliable and verifiable, interoperable and integratable, and adaptable, evolvable, and maintainable.

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3
Q

What is the definition of design?

A

To develop or prepare a plan, drawing or model of something before it is built or to plan, intend or develop something for a particular purpose.

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4
Q

What does SWOT analysis stand for? And what does each one mean?

A

Strength - characteristics of the business or project that give it an advantage over others.
Weakness - characteristics that place project at a disadvantage to others.
Opportunity - elements that the project could exploit to it’s advantage.
Threat - elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business or project.

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5
Q

What is a HAZOP analysis?

A

A hazard and operability analysis used for health and safety.

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6
Q

What three broad classes can chemical products be divided into?

A

Commodity or bulk chemicals - produced in large volumes and purchased on the basis of chemical composition, purity and price.
Fine chemicals - produced in small volumes and purchased on the basis of chemical composition, purity and price.
Specialty or effect or functional chemicals - purchased because of their effect rather than their chemical composition.

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7
Q

What are the six major steps in chemical process design?

A

Conception and definition, process flow sheet development, equipment design, economic analysis, optimisation, and reporting.

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8
Q

What is a flowsheet?

A

A diagrammatic representation of the process steps with their interconnections.

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9
Q

How is a system defined?

A

A group of components that work together, normally on a large scale, for a specified purpose.

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10
Q

What is a block flow diagram?

A

A flowchart of a system, in which the principle parts are represented by blocks connected by lines which show the relationships of blocks.

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11
Q

What is a process flow diagram?

A

A diagram commonly used to indicate the general flow of plant process streams and equipment. It displays the relationship between the major equipment items.

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12
Q

What is BS1553?

A

A British standard for graphical symbols.

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13
Q

What does D-603 mean?

A

Drum number 3 in the 600 zone.

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14
Q

What does P-362 A/B/C mean?

A

The three pumps number 62 in the 300 zone.

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15
Q

What are heat exchangers?

A

They are fundamental instruments for energy transfer and conservation.

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16
Q

What is the basic heat exchanger design equation?

A

Qdot = UA(change in Tlm) where Qdot is the rate of heat transfer between two fluids, U is the overall heat transfer coefficient, A is the surface area available for heat transfer, and change in Tlm is the log mean temperature difference in K, calculated from the inlet and outlet temperatures of both fluids.

17
Q

How do you calculate the total capital cost?

A

The value of the fixed capital cost, working capital cost, and cost of non depreciating items all added together.

18
Q

What is the total annual cash income and the total annual net cash income?

A

The total annual cash income is the annual sales revenue minus the total annual expenses. The total annual net cash income is the total annual cash income minus the total tax paid.

19
Q

What is the annual taxable income? And the annual taxation?

A

Annual taxable income is the total cash income minus annual depreciation minus annual allowance. Annual taxation is the annual taxable income multiplied by the fractional taxation rate.

20
Q

How do you calculate future worth of money using simple interest?

A

F = P(1+ni)

21
Q

How do you calculate the future worth of money using compound interest?

A

F = P((1+i)^n) or F = Pfi where fi = (1+i)^n

22
Q

If interest payments become due m times per year, then how do you calculate the future worth of money?

A

F = P((1+ i/m)^(mn))

23
Q

How do you calculate the effective annual rate?

A

iE = (1+ in/m)^m - 1

24
Q

When a series of equal annual payments invested at an interest rate i over a period n, how can we calculate a future sum F?

A

F = A/fAF where fAF = i/((1+i)^n - 1)

25
Q

When a series of equal annual payments invested at an interest rate i over a period n, how can we calculate a present worth value of the payment scheme, P?

A

P = A/fAP where fAP = (i(1+i)^n)/((1+i)^n - 1)

26
Q

If a loan were compounded monthly and repayment were monthly then how would you calculate the present worth value of the payment scheme P?

A

P = M((1+ in/m)^(mn) -1)/((in/m)(1+ in/m)^(mn)) where M is the monthly payment

27
Q

How do you calculate the capitalised cost?

A 
Ck = (Cfc - SfD)fK where S is the scrap value of equipment, Cfc is the fixed capital cost of equipment, fD = 1/(1+i)^n and 
fK = (1+i)^n/((1+i)^n -1)
28
Q

How do you calculate the return on investment?

A

Net profit/total investment x 100

29
Q

What is the payback time?

A

It is the time it takes to recover the funds that we invest. It is defined as the time when the accumulative annual cash flow equals the depreciated fixed capital investment. The depreciated fixed capital is the capital cost minus the scrap value of the invested items.

30
Q

How would the equivalent maximum investment period (EMIP) be calculated from a graph of cumulative discounted cash flow against project life?

A

Area between the curve and the NVP=0 line before breaking even, divided by the lowest cumulative discounted cash flow on the curve. It is the period during which the total project debt would be repaid.

31
Q

What is the interest recovering period?

A

The time which makes the negative area of the cumulative discounted cash flow vs. time curve equal to the positive area.

University year 1 semester 2 (4 decks)

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