england's relationship with Spain Flashcards
(26 cards)
Towards the end of the 1560s what happened to the relationship between Spain and England?
-Deteriorated
Trading activity of John Hawkins
-Attempted to break the Spanish trading monopoly in the Caribbean
-Infuriated Spanish interests, Sept 1568 his fleet= blockaded in a Mexican port
-Only 2 ships escaped
Situation in the Netherlands
-Phillip II wanted a tighter form of political presence to be felt from Spain in the Netherlands= root out heresy
-Elizabeth was placed under pressure to provide aid to Dutch protestants
The English found opportunities to harass the Spanish
Nov 1568:
-A storm led to Spanish vessels carrying 400,000 florins intending to pay the army of Duke of Alba, to seek shelter in English ports
-Elizabeth impounded the money
In 1572, what did Elizabeth do which further ruined Anglo-Spanish relations?
-Expelled sea beggars from English ports which forced them to land in a Dutch port—> sparked a full-scale revolt against the rule of Spain
What happened in 1576 in the Netherlands?
-All provinces of the Netherlands had opposed the atrocities of Spain
-Produced the Pacification of Ghent= called for the expulsion of all foreign troops + restoration of the provinces autonomy
-Favoured by Elizabeth
How was Spanish power strengthened in 1580?
-Portugal was annexed
What did the annexation of Portugal lead to Elizabeth doing?
-She adopted a more anti-Spanish stance
Examples of Elizabeth’s anti-Spanish position
-Supporting Portuguese pretender Don Antonio, whose claim to the Portuguese throne= weak as he was illegitimate= useless to Eliz
-Knighting Francis Drake, circumnavigated the world
What treaty was created at the end of 1584?
Treaty of Joinville between Spain + the Catholic League
-Planned to end Protestantism in Europe
Why did the treaty of Joinville alarm eliz?
-Catholic League were led by the Guise family, w/ them as Phillip’s allies, he no longer had a political motive which was stopping him from supporting MQS
What did Elizabeth do to counteract the Treaty of Joinville?
-Made an alliance with Dutch Protestant rebels in the Treaty of Nonsuch 1585
What did the Treaty of Nonsuch do?
-Sent English troops to the Netherlands under the command of the Earl of Leicester
-Failed as the relationship between the English + Dutch= poor + distrustful e.g. William Staley + Roweland joined Parma
-The Dutch believed Elizabeth was trying to make a deal behind their backs with Parma
What did Phillip believe he was doing?
-Doing God’s work by engaging in a Catholic crusade
Why was the sailing of the Spanish Armarda delayed?
-Successful English attack on Spanish ships at Cadiz in April 1587
What was the aim of the Armarda?
-To reach the Spanish Netherlands where the Spanish army led by Duke of Parma would board the ships to launch an attack on England
What happened instead?
-The Spanish Armada engaged in battle in the English channel
-They never were able to land in England
Consequence of this battle
-Forced the Armada to return back to Spain due to the strong winds
Why did they fail?
-Took 2 years to plan
-English ships = more manoeuvrable + fitted w better canons
How much longer did the war drag on for?
16 years
-Peace didn’t take place until both Elizabeth + Phillip died
On what fronts was the war fought on?
-At sea off of western Europe
-Caribbean
-France, Netherlands, + Ireland, connected to a revolt against Eliz
What did Elizabeth seek?
-National security
What did Lord Burghley believe?
-Spain was engaged in a war of conquest
What did England do in 1595?
-Launch 3 attacks on mainland Spain + its colonies
-Was only a short lived victory
-Captured + occupied Cadiz
-Sunk 4 of the galleons
