English 10 Final

Question 1

Ardent

Answer 1

(adj.) very enthusiastic, impassioned

The members of the winning team acknowledged the cheers of their ardent fans.

Synonyms: intense, fervent, avid
Antonyms: indifferent, stolid, phlegmatic, apathetic

Question 2

Chastise

Answer 2

(v.) to inflict physical punishment as a means of correction; to scold severely

State and federal laws now forbid the use of corporal punishment to chastise prisoners.

Synonyms: discipline, censure
Antonyms: commend, reward

Question 3

Deviate

Answer 3

(v.) to turn aside; to stray from a norm; (n.) one who departs from a norm; (adj.) differing from a norm, heterodox, unconventional

Try not to deviate from the directions given in the owner’s manual.

Those who disagrees with the Soviet for, of government were often branded as deviates and imprisoned.

Under our system of justice, the mentally ill cannot be held responsible for their deviate behavior.

Synonyms: (v.) diverge, veer, swerve
Antonyms: (v.) conform to, abide by; (adj.) orthodox

Question 4

Gnarled

Answer 4

(adj.) knotted, twisted, lumpy

The gnarled limbs of cypresses dominate many of the landscapes painted by the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh.

Synonyms: knotty, misshapen, contorted
Antonyms: smooth, unblemished, straight

Question 5

Indemnity

Answer 5

(n.) a payment for damage or loss

A certain type of life insurance contract provides double indemnity for the accidental death of the policyholder.

Synonyms: compensation, reparation

Question 6

Exult

Answer 6

(v.) to rejoice greatly

The campaign workers exult in the unexpected victory of their candidate.

Synonyms: revel, glory
Antonyms: mope, sulk, regret, rue, lament

Question 7

Poignant

Answer 7

(adj.) deeply affecting, touching; keen or sharp in taste or smell

There is something truly poignant about the sight of falling leaves in autumn.

Synonyms: heartrending, melancholy
Antonyms: unaffecting, bland, vapid, insipid, funny

Question 8

Allure

Answer 8

(v.) to entice, tempt; to be attractive to; (n.) a strong attraction; the power to attract, charm

Dreams of stardom allure many gifted young performers from all over the country to the bright lights of Broadway.

The lure of get-rich-quick schemes may lead people down the road to financial ruin.

Synonyms: (v.) beguile, tantalize; (n.) temptation, enticement
Antonyms: (v.) repel, turn off; (n.) repellent

Question 9

Blithe

Answer 9

(adj.) cheerful, lighthearted; casual, unconcerned

It is difficult to deflate the blithe optimism of the young.

Synonyms: carefree, nonchalant, indifferent
Antonyms: glum, morose, despondent, depressed

Question 10

Covet

Answer 10

(v.) to desire something belonging to another

Those who covet the good fortune of others are likely to be unhappy with the their own lot in life.

Synonyms: crave, yearn for, hunger for
Antonyms: disdain, scorn, despise

Question 11

Disheveled

Answer 11

(adj.) rumpled, mussed; hanging in disorder

Most people look a little bit disheveled when they get up in the morning.

Synonyms: untidy, disarranged, tousled
Antonyms: tidy, well-groomed

Question 12

Lamentable

Answer 12

(adj.) to be regretted or pitied

After a long, hard winter, city streets may be in a truly lamentable state of disrepair.

Synonyms: deplorable, regrettable, distressing
Antonyms: praiseworthy, commendable, laudable

Question 13

Vanguard

Answer 13

(n.) the foremost part of an army; the leading position in any field

If a high-tech company is to survive in today’s marketplace, it must remain in the vanguard of innovation.

Synonyms: forefront, cutting edge, trailblazers
Antonyms: rear guard, stragglers, laggards

Question 14

Wastrel

Answer 14

(n.) a wasteful person, spendthrift; a good-for-nothing

Many a novel has told the sorry tale of a charming but self-destructive wastrel.

Synonyms: loafer, idler, profligate
Antonyms: skinflint, tightwad

Question 15

Respite

Answer 15

(n.) a period of relief or rest

A vacation provide a respite from the worries and responsibilities of everyday life.

Synonyms: interval, intermission, lull, breather

Question 16

Misnomer

Answer 16

(n.) an unsuitable or misleading name

The term World Series is a misnomer because only North American teams participate in this annual event.

Synonyms: misnamed get, malapropism

Question 17

Allude

Answer 17

(v.) to refer to casually or indirectly

In his speech, the candidate alludes to hide opponents’ section lack of military experience.

Synonyms: suggest, insinuate, intimate

Question 18

Clairvoyant

Answer 18

(adj.) supernaturally perceptive; (n.) one who possesses extrasensory powers, seer

Few people are taken in by the clairvoyant pronouncements of fortune-tellers and mediums.

The police sometimes use clairvoyants to help them solve difficult missing-person cases.

Synonyms: (adj.) insightful, discerning, uncanny; (n.) visionary
Antonyms: (adj.) blind, unseeing, myopic, dense

Question 19

Disreputable

Answer 19

(adj.) not respectable, not esteemed

Supermarket tabloids fluently publish stories about the disreputable behavior of celebrities.

Synonyms: disgraceful, discreditable, shady
Antonyms: honest, aboveboard, respectable, creditable

Question 20

Endemic

Answer 20

(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic of or prevalent in a field

Scientists have yet to identify many plans and animal species endemic to the rain forests.

Synonyms: indigenous, restricted to
Antonyms: alien, foreign, extraneous

Question 21

Placate

Answer 21

(v.) to appease, soothe, pacify

Sponsors of the controversial bill modified some of its original provisions in order to placate the opposition.

Synonyms: satisfy, mollify, allay, conciliate
Antonyms: vex, irk, provoke, exasperate, annoy

Question 22

Guile

Answer 22

(n.) treacherous cunning, deceit

Folklore has it that a serpent’s most outstanding trait is guile, just as a fox’s is craftiness.

Synonyms: trickery, chicanery
Antonyms: candor, artlessness, naïveté, plain dealing

Question 23

Fathom

Answer 23

(v.) to understand, get to the bottom of; to determine the depth of; (n.) a measure of depth in water

It is sometimes difficult to fathom the motives behind another person’s actions.

The great passenger liner Titanic still lies buried several thousand fathom beneath the ocean’s surface.

Synonyms: (v.) grasp, figure out, plumb

Question 24

Obnoxious

Answer 24

(adj.) highly offensive, arousing strong dislike

The speeches Hitler delivered at the Nuremberg rallies were full of racial slurs and other obnoxious language.

Synonyms: disagreeable, repugnant, hateful, odious
Antonyms: agreeable, pleasing, engaging, personable

Question 25

Placid

Answer 25

(adj.) calm, peaceful There was no wind to disturb the placid surface of the lake. Synonyms: undisturbed, tranquil, quiet, serene Antonyms: stormy, agitated, turbulent, tempestuous

Question 26

Potent

Answer 26

(adj.) powerful; highly effective Music has been called the most potent agent for inducing people to forget their differences and live in harmony. Synonyms: mighty, formidable, forceful Antonyms: weak, inept, feckless, powerless, ineffective

Question 27

Stark

Answer 27

(adj.) harsh, unrelieved, desolate; (adv.) utterly Many a young idealist has found it difficult to accept the stark realities of life. By the end of his brief reign, the Roman emperor Caligula was clearly stark raving mad. Synonyms: (adj.) sheer, downright, grim, bleak; (adv.) absolutely Antonyms: (adj.) bright, cheerful, embellished, ornate

Question 28

Protrude

Answer 28

(v.) to stick out, thrust forth Dentists commonly use various kinds of braces to correct the alignment of teeth that protrude or are crooked. Synonyms: project, bulge

Question 29

Superficial

Answer 29

(adj.) on or near the surface; concerns with or understanding only what is on the surface, shallow A superficial analysis of a complex problem is not likely to produce a viable or long-lasting solution. Synonyms: skin-deep, insubstantial, cursory, slapdash Antonyms: deep, profound, thorough, exhaustive

Question 30

August

Answer 30

(adj.) majestic, inspiring admiration and respect The August visages of four of America's great presidents are carved on the face of Mount Rushmore. Synonyms: stately, dignified, exalted, venerable Antonyms: humble, base, man, lowly, abject

Question 31

Clandestine

Answer 31

(adj.) secret, concealed; underhanded During the early ages of the American Revolution, clandestine colonial printing presses churned out quantities of anti-British propaganda. Synonyms: covert, furtive, surreptitious, stealthy Antonyms: open, overt, undisguised, aboveboard

Question 32

Nocturnal

Answer 32

(adj.) of or occurring in the night; under cover of darkness Most nocturnal creatures have keen eyesight and acute hearing. Synonyms: nighttime Antonyms: daytime, dinural

Question 33

Elated

Answer 33

(adj., part.) in high spirits, jubilant; extremely pleased Elated fans lined the city's streets to cheer the World Series champions. Synonyms: overjoyed, ecstatic, tickled pink Antonyms: depressed, crestfallen, despondent, blue

Question 34

Indulgent

Answer 34

(adj.) yielding to the wishes or demands of others A heightened sense of compassion has induced the federal government to adopt a more indulgent policy toward illegal aliens. Synonyms: permissive, tolerant, liberal Antonyms: strict, severe, hard-nosed

Question 35

Tacit

Answer 35

(adj.) unspoken, silent; implied, inferred The neighbors had a tacit understanding that they would help each other in an emergency. Synonyms: unexpressed, unvoiced, understood, implicit Antonyms: explicit, express, specific

Question 36

Tangible

Answer 36

(adj.) capable of being touched; real, concrete After months of intensive negotiation, diplomats reported that they had made tangible progress toward reaching a settlement of the bitter dispute. Synonyms: perceptible, actual, evident Antonyms: immaterial, imperceptible, insubstanial

Question 37

Quell

Answer 37

(v.) to subdue, put down forcibly The English poet John Dryden believed that music has the power either to arouse or to quell strong emotions. Synonyms: pacify, squelch, quash, crush Antonyms: incite, provoke, arouse, foment, stir up

Question 38

Ruminate

Answer 38

(v.) to meditate, think about at length In old age many people sadly ruminated on mistakes made and opportunities missed. Synonyms: ponder, reflect, mull over, muse

Question 39

Decorum

Answer 39

(n.) proper behavior, good taste; orderliness Legislative assemblies preserve decorum by operating under the rule parliamentary procedure. Synonyms: seemliness, good form, propriety Antonyms: impropriety, bad form, bad taste

Question 40

Duress

Answer 40

(n.) compulsion by threat; forcible confinement Political prisoners are sometimes subjected to a mild form of duress called house arrest. Antonyms: persuasion, coaxing, sweet talk, cajolery

Question 41

Innocuous

Answer 41

(adj.) harmless, unoffensive; insignificant Conversation at a dinner party may sometimes be confined to pleasant and innocuous generalities. Synonyms: feeble, impotent, unobjectionable, insipid Antonyms: harmful, dangerous, pernicious, toxic, virulent

Question 42

Sedate

Answer 42

(adj.) quiet, settled, sober; (v.) to administer a tranquilizer At concerts of classical music, audiences generally behave in a sedate and attentive manner. A doctor may decide to sedate a patient who has suffered a severe emotional shock or physical injury. Synonyms: (adj.) unruffled, composed, cool and collected Antonyms: (adj.) loud, brash, flashy, flamboyant, garish, flighty

Question 43

Ultimatum

Answer 43

(n.) a final proposal or statement of conditions As a strike deadline draws near, both labor and management can be expected to issue ultimatum. Synonym: final terms

Question 44

Persuasive writing

Answer 44

It includes speeches and is intended to convince people to take a particular action or position.

Question 45

Speeches

Answer 45

Used in persuasive writing

Question 46

Arguments

Answer 46

Presented by persuasive writers. They are a series of logically linked ideas that support a conclusion, to defend their ideas.

Question 47

Rhetorical devices

Answer 47

Also used by persuasive writers. They are verbal techniques that create emphasis and appeal to emotions.

Question 48

Commonly used rhetorical devices

Answer 48

Repetition, parallelism, slogans and slows, rhetorical questions

Question 49

Repetition

Answer 49

The reuse of a key word or idea for emphasis

Question 50

Parallelism

Answer 50

Similar grammatical structures expressing related ideas

Question 51

Slogans and saws

Answer 51

Short, catchy phrases

Question 52

Rhetorical questions

Answer 52

Questions that are intended to have obvious answers; asked for effect

Question 53

What should you do when reading persuasive writing?

Answer 53

Evaluate the writer's argument. Consider whether the writer supports claims with sound evidence and logical reasoning.

Question 54

Determine when persuasive techniques...

Answer 54

Are effectively used to enhance the impact of the supporting evidence and reasoning, and recognize when they are used to cover up a lack of logical support.

Question 55

Author's purpose

Answer 55

His or her main reason for writing

Question 56

Rhetoric

Answer 56

The use of language to persuade readers and shape their views of the subject

Question 57

Point of view

Answer 57

The perspective from high a story is told.

Question 58

Types of perspectives/point of views

Answer 58

First-person point of view and third-person point of view

Question 59

First-person point of view

Answer 59

The narrator is one of the characters and refers to himself or herself with the pronouns I and me. One kind of first-person narrator is the naïve first-person narrator.

Question 60

Naïve first-person narrator

Answer 60

This narrator understands less about events in the story than the readers do. For example, if the narrator of a story is a five-year old, readers may have a clearer understanding of events in the story than does the child who describes them.

Question 61

Third-person point of view

Answer 61

The narrator does not participate in the action. Characters are referred to by the third-person pronouns he, she, him, her, they, and them. The narrator's point of view may be omniscient, or it may be limited.

Question 62

Omniscient

Answer 62

All-knowing

Question 63

Limited

Answer 63

Restricted to the perceptions of a single character

Question 64

Dramatic irony

Answer 64

A contrast between what the readers know and what the narrator or character believes.

Question 65

Philosophical assumption

Answer 65

The writer's basic beliefs about life

Question 66

Draw a conclusion

Answer 66

You reach a decision or form an opinion based on information in a text.

Question 67

Recognize key details

Answer 67

Recognize key details to draw a conclusion in deriving the theme of a work.

Question 68

Humorous essay

Answer 68

In a humorous essay, or speech, a writer presents a subject in an unexpected, amusing way. The writer may treat a serious situation lightly or a ridiculous situation seriously.

Question 69

Hyperbole

Answer 69

An exaggeration. A writer describes people, things, or events as if they were much more than they are.

Question 70

Understatement

Answer 70

A writer speaks of people, things, or events as if they were less important than they are.

Question 71

Satire

Answer 71

Humor used to point out the foolishness of a particular type of human behavior or of a particular institution. Mockery, ridicule, or sarcasm.

Question 72

Diction

Answer 72

Word choice. Another literary element that contributes to humor.

Question 73

Connotation

Answer 73

The set of ideas associated with it

Question 74

Denotation

Answer 74

A word's definition

Question 75

Two quotes from Pride and Prejudice

Answer 75

1. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. -Narrator 2. I could easily forgive his pride, if he has not mortified mine. -Elizabeth Extra: In vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you. -Darcy

Question 76

Two quotes from Oedipus the King

Answer 76

1. What good were eyes to me? Nothing I could see could bring me joy. -Oedipus 2. Drive me from here with all the speed you can to where I may not hear a human voice. -Oedipus Extra: Look upon that last days always. Count no moral happy till he has passed the final limit of his life secure from pain. -Chorus

Question 77

Tone

Answer 77

The expression of the writer's attitude toward his or her subject and reader.

Question 78

Symbolism

Answer 78

A writer's use of symbols

Question 79

Symbol

Answer 79

A type of figurative language in which a character, a place, a thing, or an event in a literary work stands for a larger idea.

Question 80

Allegory

Answer 80

A story in which all characters, settings, events, and actions are clearly symbolic.