English 6.0 Flashcards
(202 cards)
1
Q
Adjective
Moldy
Musty, mildewed, rotten
English 6.0
A
(Of food, especially old food, or objects that have been left too long in warm, wet places) covered or filled with a soft green, blue, gray, or black growth, usually undesirable but thought to add a desirable taste to some cheeses.
At the back of the fridge, a moldy sandwich held a meeting with fungi.
pleśniowy, stęchły, zagrzybiony, zepsuty
2
Q
Adjective
Damp
Moist, humid, clammy
English 6.0
A
Slightly wet, especially in a way that is not pleasant or comfortable.
The damp socks squelched with every step, much to my dismay.
wilgotny, mokry, zawilgocony, parny
3
Q
Adjective
Stale
Musty, dry, outdated
English 6.0
A
No longer new or fresh, usually as a result of being kept for too long. Not fresh and new; boring because too familiar.
The comedian’s jokes were as stale as last week’s bread.
czerstwy, nieświeży, przestarzały, banalny
4
Q
Adjective
Palatable
Appetizing, tasty, agreeable
English 6.0
A
Palatable food or drink has a pleasant taste.
Even the cat refused the supposedly palatable dinner.
smaczny, apetyczny, przyjemny, znośny
5
Q
Adjective
Blunt
Unsharp, straightforward, brusque
English 6.0
A
Saying what you think without trying to be polite or considering other people’s feelings.
His blunt refusal to participate left everyone in shock.
tępy, bezpośredni, szorstki, otwarty
6
Q
Adjective
Hefty
Substantial, large, significant
English 6.0
A
Large in amount, size, force, etc.
Her tiny dog surprisingly made a hefty dent in the pillow.
duży, ciężki, znaczny, solidny
7
Q
Adjective
Fallible
Imperfect, error-prone, flawed
English 6.0
A
Able or likely to make mistakes.
The fallible robot often forgot its own name.
omylny, zawodny, błędny, nieinfallible
8
Q
Adjective
Harrowing
Distressing, traumatic, agonizing
English 6.0
A
Extremely upsetting because connected with suffering.
*His harrowing tale of lost luggage was not what we expected at the reun
przygnębiający, wstrząsający, dręczący, bolesny
9
Q
Noun
Rift
Crack, fissure, breach
English 6.0
A
A large crack in the ground or in rock.
The rift in our friendship was as wide as the Grand Canyon.
szczelina, rozłam, rozpadlina, pęknięcie
10
Q
Phrase
Call somebody names
Insult, taunt, mock
English 6.0
A
If a person, especially a child, calls someone names, they address that person with a name that is intended to be offensive.
*In the playground, the kids called him names for wearing mismatched soc
obrażać, wyzywać, nazywać kogoś przykrymi imionami, przezywać
11
Q
Adverb
Unwittingly
Unknowingly, accidentally, inadvertently
English 6.0
A
In a way that is done without knowing or planning.
She unwittingly spilled the beans about the surprise party.
nieświadomie, przypadkowo, nieumyślnie, bezwiednie
12
Q
Verb
Reassess
Reevaluate, reconsider, review
English 6.0
A
To think again about something in order to decide if you should change the way you feel about it or deal with it.
*He had to reassess his decision to go camping after seeing the forecast
przemyśleć ponownie, ocenić na nowo, zrewidować, przeanalizować ponownie
13
Q
Noun
Intrauterine environment
Womb setting, uterine conditions
English 6.0
A
The environment inside the uterus (the organ in a woman’s body where a baby develops).
*The intrauterine environment is crucial for the kangaroo joey’s growth.
środowisko wewnątrzmaciczne, warunki w macicy, otoczenie płodu, środowisko maciczne
14
Q
Verb
Carjack
Hijack, vehicle theft, auto robbery
English 6.0
A
The crime of stealing a car while someone is in it by using physical force or threats.
*After watching an action movie, he dreamt he could carjack a sports car
porwanie samochodu, kradzież pojazdu, uprowadzenie auta, zabranie samochodu siłą
15
Q
Verb
Undertake
Embark on, initiate, begin
English 6.0
A
To do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult.
He decided to undertake the task of learning to juggle.
podjąć, przedsięwziąć, zabrać się za, rozpocząć
16
Q
Verb
Dampen
Moisten, wet slightly, reduce enthusiasm
English 6.0
A
To make something slightly wet, or to make feelings, especially of excitement or enjoyment, less strong.
The sudden rain dampened the picnic, both literally and figuratively.
zwilżyć, zmoczyć, ostudzić, zmniejszyć entuzjazm
17
Q
Noun
Inoculation
Vaccination, immunization, injection
English 6.0
A
The action of inoculating someone (giving them a weak form of a disease as protection against it), or something such as an injection that is given for this reason.
Inoculation day at school felt like a scene from a sci-fi movie.
szczepienie, inokulacja, immunizacja, ochrona
18
Q
Verb
Err
Mistake, blunder, misjudge
English 6.0
A
To make a mistake or to do something wrong.
To err is human, but blaming the cat is more fun.
błądzić, popełniać błędy, mylić się, pomylić
19
Q
Verb
Appreciate
Value, recognize, understand
English 6.0
A
To understand a situation and realize that it is important.
She began to appreciate the importance of wearing sunscreen.
docenić, zrozumieć, uznać, zdawać sobie sprawę
20
Q
Adjective
Tangential
Peripheral, indirect, unrelated
English 6.0
A
Different from or not directly connected with the one you are talking about or doing.
His comments were interesting but entirely tangential to the topic.
pośredni, niezwiązany, marginalny, okrężny
21
Q
Verb
Infer
Deduce, conclude, surmise
English 6.0
A
To form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have.
*From the crumbs on his shirt, she could infer he’d raided the cookie ja
wnioskować, wydedukować, domyślać się, wywnioskować
22
Q
Noun
Genogram
Family tree, hereditary diagram, ancestry chart
English 6.0
A
A diagram outlining the history of the behavior patterns (as of divorce, abortion, or suicide) of a family over several generations; also a similar diagram detailing the medical history of a family in order to assess a family member’s risk of developing disease.
The genogram revealed a history of pirates and poets in her family.
genogram, drzewo genealogiczne, schemat rodzinny, historia rodziny
23
Q
Verb
Mellow
Soften, relax, calm down
English 6.0
A
To become more relaxed and gentle, or to make someone become more relaxed and gentle.
After a week of vacation, his temper mellowed like aged cheese.
łagodnieć, rozluźnić się, uspokoić, stonować
24
Q
Verb
Pummel
Punch, beat, thump
English 6.0
A
To hit someone or something repeatedly, especially with your fists.
The pillow was pummeled into submission before bedtime.
bić, uderzać, tłuc, okładać
25
# Adjective
**Intermittent**
| *Sporadic, irregular, occasional*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Not happening regularly or continuously; stopping and starting repeatedly or with periods in between.
| *His intermittent attempts at dieting were as consistent as a yo-yo.*
## Footnote
przerywany, nieregularny, okresowy, sporadyczny
26
# Adjective
**Choppy**
| *Rough, turbulent, bumpy*
## Footnote
English 6.0
(Of sea, lakes, or rivers) with a lot of small, rough waves caused by the wind.
| *Sailing in choppy waters, he felt like a bobbing apple.*
## Footnote
niespokojny, wzburzony, burzliwy, chwiejny
27
# Adjective
**Firstborn**
| *Oldest, eldest, initial offspring*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Used to refer to the first child of a set of parents.
| *The firstborn was revered in their family, much like an anointed prince
## Footnote
pierworodny, najstarszy, pierwszy, najstarsze dziecko
28
# Noun
**Fortuity**
| *Chance, accident, serendipity*
## Footnote
English 6.0
The fact of something good happening by chance, rather than being planned.
| *Finding a dollar on the sidewalk was a fortuity that made his day.*
## Footnote
przypadek, zbieg okoliczności, fortuna, szczęśliwy traf
29
# Phrase
**Fly by the seat of your pants**
| *Improvise, wing it, go with the flow*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To do something difficult without the necessary skill or experience.
| *Cooking without a recipe, she had to fly by the seat of her pants.*
## Footnote
improwizować, działać na czuja, nie mieć planu, zdać się na intuicję
30
# Verb
**Perpetrate**
| *Commit, execute, carry out*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To commit a crime or a violent or harmful act.
| *The class clown perpetrated a prank that echoed through the halls.*
## Footnote
dopuścić się, popełnić, wykonać, zrealizować
31
# Adverb
**Subsequently**
| *Afterward, later, thereafter*
## Footnote
English 6.0
After something else.
| *He ate the cake and subsequently felt a pang of guilt.*
## Footnote
następnie, później, potem, w dalszej kolejności
32
# Verb
**Delineate**
| *Outline, describe, define*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To describe or mark the edge of something.
| *She delineated her plans for world domination on a napkin.*
## Footnote
nakreślić, opisać, zdefiniować, wytyczyć
33
# Phrase
**In the midst of**
| *Amid, during, in the heart of*
## Footnote
English 6.0
In the middle of an event, situation, or activity.
| *In the midst of chaos, he found time to sip his tea.*
## Footnote
w środku, pośród, w trakcie, w centrum
34
# Adjective
**Tangible**
| *Real, concrete, palpable*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Real and able to be shown or touched.
| *The relief on her face was as tangible as the trophy in her hands.*
## Footnote
namacalny, rzeczywisty, dotykalny, materialny
35
# Adjective
**Convenient**
| *Handy, accessible, suitable*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Easy and helpful.
| *The convenient location of his fridge made midnight snacking a breeze.*
## Footnote
wygodny, dogodny, odpowiedni, łatwo dostępny
36
# Adverb
**Oftentimes**
| *Frequently, usually, commonly*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Often; frequently.
| *Oftentimes, his snoring would be mistaken for a distant thunderstorm.*
## Footnote
często, zazwyczaj, wielokrotnie, przeważnie
37
# Verb
**Instill**
| *Inculcate, implant, infuse*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude) in a person's mind.
| *She tried to instill a love of classical music in her children, much to
## Footnote
wpajać, zaszczepić, wpoić, wdrożyć
38
# Phrase
**Walk in somebody’s shoes**
| *Empathize, understand, experience*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To understand someone's experience by trying to imagine what it would be like to be in their situation
| *To walk in his shoes, she spent a day as a pastry chef.*
## Footnote
postawić się w czyjejś sytuacji, zrozumieć kogoś, przeżyć coś za kogoś, utożsamiać się
39
# Noun
**Profusion**
| *Abundance, plenty, multitude*
## Footnote
English 6.0
An abundance or large quantity of something.
| *The garden was a profusion of colors in spring.*
## Footnote
obfitość, mnóstwo, duża ilość, nadmiar
40
# Adjective
**Accusatory**
| *Accusing, blame-implying, critical*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Suggesting that you think someone has done something bad.
| *Her accusatory tone made him feel like a criminal in his own home.*
## Footnote
oskarżycielski, obwiniający, krytyczny, wskazujący winę
41
# Verb
**Prosecute**
| *Litigate, take to court, sue*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a law court, or (of a lawyer) to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime.
| *The decision to prosecute was as swift as a cheetah.*
## Footnote
postawić w stan oskarżenia, ścigać, oskarżyć, prowadzić sprawę
42
# Noun
**Disclosure**
| *Revelation, unveiling, exposure*
## Footnote
English 6.0
The act of making something known or the fact that is made known.
| *The disclosure of his secret recipe shocked the culinary world.*
## Footnote
ujawnienie, wyjawienie, ujawnienie informacji, odsłonięcie
43
# Adjective
**Heartfelt**
| *Sincere, genuine, earnest*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Strongly felt and sincere.
| *Her heartfelt apology melted the ice queen's heart.*
## Footnote
szczery, serdeczny, z głębi serca, prawdziwy
44
# Noun
**Boulder**
| *Large rock, stone, pebble*
## Footnote
English 6.0
A large, rounded rock that has been smoothed by the action of the weather or water.
| *He posed on the boulder like a conquering hero.*
## Footnote
głaz, kamień, skała, duża skała
45
# Noun
**Yarn**
| *Thread, fiber, wool*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Thread used for making cloth or for knitting.
| *The cat's greatest enemy was a tangled ball of yarn.*
## Footnote
przędza, nić, włóczka, sznurek
46
# Phrase
**Bolt from somewhere**
| *Rush out, flee, escape quickly*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To try to escape by running towards something.
| *He bolted from the room like a bat out of a cave.*
## Footnote
uciec, wyrwać się, zbiec, wybiec szybko
47
# Noun
**Baloney**
| *Nonsense, rubbish, foolish talk*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Nonsense.
| *His excuse for being late was such baloney, even his dog didn't believe
## Footnote
bzdura, nonsens, głupstwo, brednie
48
# Adjective
**Steady**
| *Constant, stable, unchanging*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Happening in a smooth, gradual, and regular way, not suddenly or unexpectedly.
| *His steady progress in class was like a tortoise winning the race.*
## Footnote
stały, równy, stabilny, niezmienny
49
# Noun
**Wiggle room**
| *Flexibility, leeway, room to maneuver*
## Footnote
English 6.0
The freedom or opportunity to do something, or to change your mind and do something differently if that is what is needed.
| *He always left some wiggle room in his schedule for unexpected naps.*
## Footnote
margines manewru, przestrzeń, elastyczność, możliwość zmiany
50
# Verb
**Augment**
| *Increase, enhance, amplify*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To increase the size or value of something by adding something to it.
| *She augmented her meager lunch with a stolen apple.*
## Footnote
powiększać, zwiększać, wzmocnić, podnieść
51
# Verb
**Pertain**
| *Relate, apply, be relevant*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To be connected with something or someone.
| *His comments did not pertain to the subject at hand, but to pizza.*
## Footnote
dotyczyć, odnosić się, być związanym, mieć zastosowanie
52
# Adjective
**Avuncular**
| *Uncle-like, kind, benevolent*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Kind and friendly towards a younger or less experienced person.
| *His avuncular advice was always welcome, if a bit old-fashioned.*
## Footnote
wujkowy, przyjacielski, życzliwy, opiekuńczy
53
# Verb
**Trot out**
| *Present, showcase, bring up*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To give the same facts, explanations, etc. that have often been used before.
| *Every Christmas, he would trot out the same old embarrassing stories.*
## Footnote
wyciągnąć, przedstawić, pokazać, wykorzystać
54
# Noun
**Instigation**
| *Incitement, provocation, initiation*
## Footnote
English 6.0
The action of causing an event or situation to happen by making a set of actions or a formal process begin.
| *The food fight was a result of his mischievous instigation.*
## Footnote
inicjacja, podżeganie, wywołanie, inicjowanie
55
# Adjective
**Diluted**
| *Weakened, thinned, watered-down*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To make a liquid weaker by mixing in something else.
| *His coffee was so diluted, it tasted like colored water.*
## Footnote
rozcieńczony, osłabiony, rozwodniony, rozrzedzony
56
# Phrase
**Bed of roses**
| *Easy situation, comfortable, pleasant*
## Footnote
English 6.0
An easy and happy existence.
| *Life was not a bed of roses for the gardener who hated flowers.*
## Footnote
sielanka, łatwe życie, komfort, przyjemność
57
# Noun
**Blemish**
| *Flaw, defect, mark*
## Footnote
English 6.0
A mark or fault that spoils the appearance of someone or something.
| *The only blemish on his perfect day was a coffee stain.*
## Footnote
skaza, wada, plama, niedoskonałość
58
# Phrase
Blemish**Happy as a pig in mud**
| *Very joyful, contented, delighted*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Very joyful and contented.
| *In the candy store, she was as happy as a pig in mud.*
## Footnote
szczęśliwy jak świnia w błocie, uradowany, wniebowzięty, zadowolony
59
# Noun
**Detour**
| *Alternate route, diversion, bypass*
## Footnote
English 6.0
A different or less direct route to a place that is used to avoid a problem or to visit somewhere or do something on the way.
| *The detour took them through an area known for its peculiar squirrels.*
## Footnote
objazd, naokoło, omijanie, okrężna droga
60
# Verb
**Constrict**
| *Tighten, narrow, squeeze*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To become tighter and narrower, or to make something become tighter and narrower.
| *The snake constricted its prey as efficiently as a well-oiled machine.*
## Footnote
zawężać, ściskać, skurczyć, ograniczać
61
# Adjective
**Serial**
| *Repeated, recurrent, sequential*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Used to describe a person who repeatedly commits a similar crime or carries out a similar bad act, or the crime or act itself.
| *The serial lateness of the bus was becoming a predictable drama.*
## Footnote
seryjny, cykliczny, powtarzalny, ciągły
62
# Phrase
**Before long**
| *Soon, in the near future, shortly*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Soon.
| *Before long, his dreams of becoming a baker rose like dough.*
## Footnote
wkrótce, niedługo, za chwilę, za jakiś czas
63
# Phrase
**I don’t have the foggiest idea**
| *No clue, unaware, uncertain*
## Footnote
English 6.0
This is an idiomatic expression meaning that someone has no knowledge or understanding about something.
| *When asked about quantum physics, he replied, 'I don't have the foggies
## Footnote
nie mieć pojęcia, nie wiedzieć, nie mieć zielonego pojęcia, nie rozumieć
64
# Phrase
**And so on**
| *Continuation, etcetera, further*
## Footnote
English 6.0
This phrase is used to indicate that a list or sequence continues in the same manner.
| *He listed his hobbies: gardening, painting, fishing, and so on.*
## Footnote
i tak dalej, i tym podobne, i inne, i reszta
65
# Verb
**Engross**
| *Absorb, captivate, immerse*
## Footnote
English 6.0
If something engrosses you, it is so interesting that you give it all your attention.
| *The mystery novel engrossed him so much that he missed his stop.*
## Footnote
pochłaniać, zaabsorbować, wciągnąć, zainteresować
66
# Adjective
**Burgeoning**
| *Growing, expanding, flourishing*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Developing quickly.
| *The burgeoning artist's studio was a hive of creative chaos.*
## Footnote
rozkwitający, rozwijający się, bujny, szybko rosnący
67
# Adjective
**Sleazy**
| *Seedy, cheap, disreputable*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Dirty, cheap, or not socially acceptable, especially relating to moral or sexual matters.
| *The sleazy motel was the setting of many a B-movie thriller.*
## Footnote
obskurny, tandetny, podejrzany, nieprzyzwoity
68
# Noun
**Predicament**
| *Dilemma, quandary, problem*
## Footnote
English 6.0
An unpleasant situation that is difficult to get out of.
| *Stuck in the tree, the cat faced a furry predicament.*
## Footnote
kłopot, trudna sytuacja, dylemat, zagwozdka
69
# Verb
**Temporize**
| *Delay, stall, procrastinate*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To delay making a decision or stating your opinion in order to get an advantage.
| *He temporized his response to the invitation, waiting for a better offe
## Footnote
zwlekać, odwlekać, grać na czas, unikać decyzji
70
# Noun
**Token gesture**
| *Symbolic act, minor effort, nominal action*
## Footnote
English 6.0
A gesture is something that you say or do in order to express your attitude or intentions, although it might have little practical effect.
| *Giving her a single flower was a token gesture of his affection.*
## Footnote
symboliczny gest, drobny znak, niewielki wysiłek, nominalne działanie
71
# Noun
**Brawn**
| *Muscle, strength, power*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Physical strength and big muscles.
| *His brawn was evident as he lifted the car to retrieve the lost ball.*
## Footnote
siła, muskuły, krzepa, tężyzna fizyczna
72
# Verb
**Subvert**
| *Undermine, destabilize, overthrow*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To try to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system.
| *The spy's mission was to subvert the enemy's plans with a baguette.*
## Footnote
podważać, obalać, zniweczyć, zakłócić
73
# Adjevtive
**Token**
| *Voucher, emblem, representation*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Symbolical
| *Taken it as a token of my gratitude*
## Footnote
Symbolicznie
74
# Verb
**Tank**
| *Fail, plummet, collapse*
## Footnote
English 6.0
* Fail, do poorly
* Lose intentionally
* Protect a wall (with substance
| *His confidence tanked after the disastrous presentation.*
## Footnote
ponieść klęskę, spadać, załamać się, zepsuć się
75
# Verb
**Counteract**
| *Neutralize, offset, counterbalance*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To reduce or remove the effect of something unwanted by producing an opposite effect.
| *He tried to counteract his sleepiness with copious amounts of coffee.*
## Footnote
przeciwdziałać, zneutralizować, skompensować, przeciwstawić się
76
# Noun
**Gig**
| *Performance, show, job*
## Footnote
English 6.0
A single performance by a musician or group of musicians, especially playing modern or pop music.
| *Her first gig was in a cozy café filled with jazz enthusiasts.*
77
# Noun
**Crib**
| *Baby bed, cot, cradle*
## Footnote
English 6.0
A small bed with high, usually slatted sides made for ensuring the baby won’t climb or fall out.
| *The baby's crib was a safe haven of soft blankets and plush toys.*
## Footnote
łóżeczko dziecięce, kołyska, kojec, łóżeczko niemowlęce
78
# Noun
**Heyday**
| *Prime, golden age, peak*
## Footnote
English 6.0
The period of a person's or thing's greatest success, popularity, activity, or vigor.
| *In its heyday, the circus was the highlight of the town.*
## Footnote
szczyt, złoty wiek, okres rozkwitu, najlepszy okres
79
# Noun
**Disparity**
| *Inequality, difference, discrepancy*
## Footnote
English 6.0
A lack of equality or similarity, especially in a way that is not fair.
| *The disparity between his dreams and reality was like night and day.*
## Footnote
nierówność, różnica, dysproporcja, rozbieżność
80
# Noun
**Buck**
| *Dollar, deer, tool*
## Footnote
English 6.0
A tool like a hammer with a large, flat end made of wood or rubber. It can also refer to a dollar or a male rabbit or deer.
| *He saved his first buck in a piggy bank shaped like an actual pig.*
## Footnote
dolar, jeleń, młotek, narzędzie
81
# Verb
**Surmount**
| *Overcome, conquer, triumph over*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To deal successfully with a difficulty or problem.
| *She surmounted her fear of heights by skydiving.*
## Footnote
przezwyciężyć, pokonać, opanować, zdobyć
82
# Noun
**Personhood**
| *Individuality, humanity, identity*
## Footnote
English 6.0
The state of being a person.
| *The debate on the personhood of AI was both fascinating and terrifying.
## Footnote
osobowość, osobowość prawna, bycie osobą, humanitaryzm
83
# fikcyjny, wymyślony, zmyślony, nieistniejący
**Ghost in the machine (philosophy term)**
| *Spirit-mind dichotomy, mental-physical dualism*
## Footnote
English 6.0
This term refers to the concept in philosophy, particularly in discussions of the mind-body problem, where 'ghost' symbolizes the mind or consciousness residing within the 'machine,' the physical body.
| *The concept of the ghost in the machine challenges the separation of mi
## Footnote
Phrase
84
# Phrase
**Take something for granted**
| *Assume, presume, expect as normal*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it.
| *He took for granted that his cat would always land on its feet.*
## Footnote
uważać za rzecz oczywistą, przyjmować za pewnik, nie doceniać, brać za pewne
85
# Adverb
**Erroneously**
| *Incorrectly, mistakenly, wrongly*
## Footnote
English 6.0
In a way that is wrong or false.
| *He erroneously believed that tomatoes were a type of fish.*
## Footnote
błędnie, mylnie, niepoprawnie, niewłaściwie
86
# Noun
**Mallet**
| *Tool, hammer*
## Footnote
English 6.0
a tool with a large, flat head used for shaping or hitting a surface.
| *He used a malet in his woodworking with the skill of an artisan.*
87
# Adjective
**Untenured**
| *Non-permanent, temporary, contract-based*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Used to refer to a teacher in a college or university who does not have tenure (the right to remain permanently in a job).
| *As an untenured professor, she worked tirelessly to prove her worth.*
## Footnote
bez stażu, bez etatu, bez zabezpieczenia, na umowie czasowej
88
# Verb
**Displace**
| *Remove, replace, relocate*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To force something or someone to move from its usual or original position.
| *The new invention displaced the old method like a revolution.*
## Footnote
wypierać, przemieszczać, zastępować, przesuwać
89
# Noun
**Polls**
| *Surveys, elections, votings*
## Footnote
English 6.0
The process of voting in an election or a survey of people's opinions.
| *He watched the election results nervously as the polls closed.*
## Footnote
sondaże, wybory, głosowania, ankiety
90
# Adjective
**Circumscribed**
| *Limited, restricted, confined*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Restricted within limits.
| *His dreams were circumscribed by the walls of his small town.*
## Footnote
ograniczony, zawężony, określony, ograniczony
91
# Verb
**Exude**
| *Emit, radiate, ooze*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To display an emotion or quality strongly and openly.
| *He exuded confidence, walking into the room like a movie star.*
## Footnote
wydzielać, emanować, przejawiać, wykazywać
92
# Verb
**Embed**
| *Insert, implant, fix*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To fix something firmly into a substance or solid object.
| *The image of the sunset was embedded in his memory like a painting.*
## Footnote
wbudować, osadzić, wpleść, umocować
93
# Phrase
**Standing on the shoulders of giants**
| *Building on previous work, leveraging past achievements*
## Footnote
English 6.0
This phrase means using the understanding gained by major thinkers who have gone before in order to make intellectual progress.
| We're all standing on the shoulders of giants
94
# Verb
**Permeate**
| *Pervade, infiltrate, saturate*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To spread through something and be present in every part of it.
| *The aroma of baking bread permeated the entire house.*
## Footnote
przenikać, wypełniać, nasycić, rozprzestrzeniać się
95
# Verb
**Preside over**
| *Lead, oversee, govern*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To be in charge of a situation or place.
| *She presided over the meeting with an iron fist in a velvet glove.*
## Footnote
przewodniczyć, zarządzać, kierować, kontrolować
96
# Noun
**Incentive**
| *Motivation, stimulus, encouragement*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Something that encourages a person to do something.
| *The promise of extra dessert was an incentive to finish his vegetables.
## Footnote
bodziec, zachęta, motywacja, stymulacja
97
# Phrase
**Be an advocate of something**
| *Support, champion, promote*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something.
| *She became an advocate of eco-friendly practices after visiting the rai
## Footnote
być zwolennikiem, popierać, bronić, propagować
98
# Adjective
**Sedentary**
| *Inactive, stationary, sitting*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Involving little exercise or physical activity.
| *His sedentary lifestyle was interrupted by unexpected dance lessons.*
## Footnote
siedzący, bierny, nieruchomy, osiadły
99
# Verb
**Reimburse**
| *Compensate, repay, refund*
## Footnote
English 6.0
To give back the amount of money that someone has spent.
| *He was reimbursed for his travel expenses, much to his relief.*
## Footnote
zwrócić koszty, zrekompensować, refundować, oddać pieniądze
100
# Adjective
**Insurmountable**
| *Unconquerable, invincible, insuperable*
## Footnote
English 6.0
(Especially of a problem or a difficulty) so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully.
| *The mountain seemed insurmountable, but she was determined to climb it.
## Footnote
nie do pokonania, nie do przezwyciężenia, nie do pokonania, nieodparty
101
# Adverb
**Fictitious**
| *Imaginary, made-up, false*
## Footnote
English 6.0
Invented and not true or not existing.
| *Her fictitious friend was a dragon who loved cookies.*
## Footnote
fikcyjny, wymyślony, zmyślony, nieistniejący
102
(Of food, especially old food, or objects that have been left too long in warm, wet places) covered or filled with a soft green, blue, gray, or black growth, usually undesirable but thought to add a desirable taste to some cheeses.
| *At the back of the fridge, a moldy sandwich held a meeting with fungi.*
## Footnote
pleśniowy, stęchły, zagrzybiony, zepsuty
# Adjective
**Moldy**
| *Musty, mildewed, rotten*
## Footnote
English 6.0
103
Slightly wet, especially in a way that is not pleasant or comfortable.
| *The damp socks squelched with every step, much to my dismay.*
## Footnote
wilgotny, mokry, zawilgocony, parny
# Adjective
**Damp**
| *Moist, humid, clammy*
## Footnote
English 6.0
104
No longer new or fresh, usually as a result of being kept for too long. Not fresh and new; boring because too familiar.
| *The comedian's jokes were as stale as last week's bread.*
## Footnote
czerstwy, nieświeży, przestarzały, banalny
# Adjective
**Stale**
| *Musty, dry, outdated*
## Footnote
English 6.0
105
Food or drink that has a pleasant taste.
| *Even the cat refused the supposedly palatable dinner.*
## Footnote
smaczny, apetyczny, przyjemny, znośny
# Adjective
**Palatable**
| *Appetizing, tasty, agreeable*
## Footnote
English 6.0
106
Not having a sharp edge or point. Saying what you think without trying to be polite or considering other people's feelings.
| *His blunt refusal to participate left everyone in shock.*
## Footnote
tępy, bezpośredni, szorstki, otwarty
# Adjective
**Blunt**
| *Unsharp, straightforward, brusque*
## Footnote
English 6.0
107
Large in amount, size, force, etc.
| *Her tiny dog surprisingly made a hefty dent in the pillow.*
## Footnote
duży, ciężki, znaczny, solidny
# Adjective
**Hefty**
| *Substantial, large, significant*
## Footnote
English 6.0
108
Able or likely to make mistakes.
| *The fallible robot often forgot its own name.*
## Footnote
omylny, zawodny, błędny, nieinfallible
# Adjective
**Fallible**
| *Imperfect, error-prone, flawed*
## Footnote
English 6.0
109
Extremely upsetting because connected with suffering.
| *His harrowing tale of lost luggage was not what we expected at the reun
## Footnote
przygnębiający, wstrząsający, dręczący, bolesny
# Adjective
**Harrowing**
| *Distressing, traumatic, agonizing*
## Footnote
English 6.0
110
A large crack in the ground or in rock.
| *The rift in our friendship was as wide as the Grand Canyon.*
## Footnote
szczelina, rozłam, rozpadlina, pęknięcie
# Noun
**Rift**
| *Crack, fissure, breach*
## Footnote
English 6.0
111
Address someone in an insulting way
| *In the playground, the kids called him names for wearing mismatched soc
## Footnote
obrażać, wyzywać, nazywać kogoś przykrymi imionami, przezywać
# Phrase
**Call somebody names**
| *Insult, taunt, mock*
## Footnote
English 6.0
112
In a way that is done without knowing or planning.
| *She unwittingly spilled the beans about the surprise party.*
## Footnote
nieświadomie, przypadkowo, nieumyślnie, bezwiednie
# Adverb
**Unwittingly**
| *Unknowingly, accidentally, inadvertently*
## Footnote
English 6.0
113
To think again about something in order to decide if you should change the way you feel about it or deal with it.
| *He had to reassess his decision to go camping after seeing the forecast
## Footnote
przemyśleć ponownie, ocenić na nowo, zrewidować, przeanalizować ponownie
# Verb
**Reassess**
| *Reevaluate, reconsider, review*
## Footnote
English 6.0
114
The environment inside the uterus (the organ in a woman's body where a baby develops).
| *The intrauterine environment is crucial for the kangaroo joey's growth.
## Footnote
środowisko wewnątrzmaciczne, warunki w macicy, otoczenie płodu, środowisko maciczne
# Noun
**Intrauterine environment**
| *Womb setting, uterine conditions*
## Footnote
English 6.0
115
The crime of stealing a car while someone is in it by using physical force or threats.
| *After watching an action movie, he dreamt he could carjack a sports car
## Footnote
porwanie samochodu, kradzież pojazdu, uprowadzenie auta, zabranie samochodu siłą
# Verb
**Carjack**
| *Hijack, vehicle theft, auto robbery*
## Footnote
English 6.0
116
To do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult.
| *He decided to undertake the task of learning to juggle.*
## Footnote
podjąć, przedsięwziąć, zabrać się za, rozpocząć
# Verb
**Undertake**
| *Embark on, initiate, begin*
## Footnote
English 6.0
117
To make something slightly wet, or to make feelings, especially of excitement or enjoyment, less strong.
| *The sudden rain dampened the picnic, both literally and figuratively.*
## Footnote
zwilżyć, zmoczyć, ostudzić, zmniejszyć entuzjazm
# Verb
**Dampen**
| *Moisten, wet slightly, reduce enthusiasm*
## Footnote
English 6.0
118
The action of inoculating someone (giving them a weak form of a disease as protection against it), or something such as an injection that is given for this reason.
| *Inoculation day at school felt like a scene from a sci-fi movie.*
## Footnote
szczepienie, inokulacja, immunizacja, ochrona
# Noun
**Inoculation**
| *Vaccination, immunization, injection*
## Footnote
English 6.0
119
To make a mistake or to do something wrong.
| *To err is human, but blaming the cat is more fun.*
## Footnote
błądzić, popełniać błędy, mylić się, pomylić
# Verb
**Err**
| *Mistake, blunder, misjudge*
## Footnote
English 6.0
120
To understand a situation and realize that it is important.
| *She began to appreciate the importance of wearing sunscreen.*
## Footnote
docenić, zrozumieć, uznać, zdawać sobie sprawę
# Verb
**Appreciate (realize importance)**
| *Value, recognize, understand*
## Footnote
English 6.0
121
Different from or not directly connected with the one you are talking about or doing.
| *His comments were interesting but entirely tangential to the topic.*
## Footnote
pośredni, niezwiązany, marginalny, okrężny
# Adjective
**Tangential**
| *Peripheral, indirect, unrelated*
## Footnote
English 6.0
122
To form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have.
| *From the crumbs on his shirt, she could infer he'd raided the cookie ja
## Footnote
wnioskować, wydedukować, domyślać się, wywnioskować
# Verb
**Infer**
| *Deduce, conclude, surmise*
## Footnote
English 6.0
123
A diagram outlining the history of the behavior patterns (as of divorce, abortion, or suicide) of a family over several generations; also a similar diagram detailing the medical history of a family in order to assess a family member's risk of developing disease.
| *The genogram revealed a history of pirates and poets in her family.*
## Footnote
genogram, drzewo genealogiczne, schemat rodzinny, historia rodziny
# Noun
**Genogram**
| *Family tree, hereditary diagram, ancestry chart*
## Footnote
English 6.0
124
To become more relaxed and gentle, or to make someone become more relaxed and gentle.
| *After a week of vacation, his temper mellowed like aged cheese.*
## Footnote
łagodnieć, rozluźnić się, uspokoić, stonować
# Verb
**Mellow**
| *Soften, relax, calm down*
## Footnote
English 6.0
125
To hit someone or something repeatedly, especially with your fists.
| *The pillow was pummeled into submission before bedtime.*
## Footnote
bić, uderzać, tłuc, okładać
# Verb
**Pummel**
| *Punch, beat, thump*
## Footnote
English 6.0
126
Not happening regularly or continuously; stopping and starting repeatedly or with periods in between.
| *His intermittent attempts at dieting were as consistent as a yo-yo.*
## Footnote
przerywany, nieregularny, okresowy, sporadyczny
# Adjective
**Intermittent**
| *Sporadic, irregular, occasional*
## Footnote
English 6.0
127
(Of sea, lakes, or rivers) with a lot of small, rough waves caused by the wind.
| *Sailing in choppy waters, he felt like a bobbing apple.*
## Footnote
niespokojny, wzburzony, burzliwy, chwiejny
# Adjective
**Choppy**
| *Rough, turbulent, bumpy*
## Footnote
English 6.0
128
Used to refer to the first child of a set of parents.
| *The firstborn was revered in their family, much like an anointed prince
## Footnote
pierworodny, najstarszy, pierwszy, najstarsze dziecko
# Adjective
**Firstborn**
| *Oldest, eldest, initial offspring*
## Footnote
English 6.0
129
The fact of something good happening by chance, rather than being planned.
| *Finding a dollar on the sidewalk was a fortuity that made his day.*
## Footnote
przypadek, zbieg okoliczności, fortuna, szczęśliwy traf
# Noun
**Fortuity**
| *Chance, accident, serendipity*
## Footnote
English 6.0
130
To do something difficult without the necessary skill or experience.
| *Cooking without a recipe, she had to fly by the seat of her pants.*
## Footnote
improwizować, działać na czuja, nie mieć planu, zdać się na intuicję
# Phrase
**Fly by the seat of your pants**
| *Improvise, wing it, go with the flow*
## Footnote
English 6.0
131
To commit a crime or a violent or harmful act.
| *The class clown perpetrated a prank that echoed through the halls.*
## Footnote
dopuścić się, popełnić, wykonać, zrealizować
# Verb
**Perpetrate**
| *Commit, execute, carry out*
## Footnote
English 6.0
132
After something else.
| *He ate the cake and subsequently felt a pang of guilt.*
## Footnote
następnie, później, potem, w dalszej kolejności
# Adverb
**Subsequently**
| *Afterward, later, thereafter*
## Footnote
English 6.0
133
To describe or mark the edge of something.
| *She delineated her plans for world domination on a napkin.*
## Footnote
nakreślić, opisać, zdefiniować, wytyczyć
# Verb
**Delineate**
| *Outline, describe, define*
## Footnote
English 6.0
134
In the middle of an event, situation, or activity.
| *In the midst of chaos, he found time to sip his tea.*
## Footnote
w środku, pośród, w trakcie, w centrum
# Phrase
**In the midst of**
| *Amid, during, in the heart of*
## Footnote
English 6.0
135
Real and able to be shown or touched.
| *The relief on her face was as tangible as the trophy in her hands.*
## Footnote
namacalny, rzeczywisty, dotykalny, materialny
# Adjective
**Tangible**
| *Real, concrete, palpable*
## Footnote
English 6.0
136
Easy and helpful.
| *The convenient location of his fridge made midnight snacking a breeze.*
## Footnote
wygodny, dogodny, odpowiedni, łatwo dostępny
# Adjective
**Convenient**
| *Handy, accessible, suitable*
## Footnote
English 6.0
137
Often; frequently.
| *Oftentimes, his snoring would be mistaken for a distant thunderstorm.*
## Footnote
często, zazwyczaj, wielokrotnie, przeważnie
# Adverb
**Oftentimes**
| *Frequently, usually, commonly*
## Footnote
English 6.0
138
ć
| *She tried to instill a love of classical music in her children, much to
## Footnote
wpajać, zaszczepić, wpoić, wdrożyć
# Verb
**Instill**
| *Inculcate, implant, infuse*
## Footnote
English 6.0
139
To understand someone's experience by trying to imagine what it would be like to be in their situation.
| *To walk in his shoes, she spent a day as a pastry chef.*
## Footnote
postawić się w czyjejś sytuacji, zrozumieć kogoś, przeżyć coś za kogoś, utożsamiać się
# Phrase
**Walk in somebody’s shoes**
| *Empathize, understand, experience*
## Footnote
English 6.0
140
An abundance or large quantity of something.
| *The garden was a profusion of colors in spring.*
## Footnote
obfitość, mnóstwo, duża ilość, nadmiar
# Noun
**Profusion**
| *Abundance, plenty, multitude*
## Footnote
English 6.0
141
Suggesting that you think someone has done something bad.
| *Her accusatory tone made him feel like a criminal in his own home.*
## Footnote
oskarżycielski, obwiniający, krytyczny, wskazujący winę
# Adjective
**Accusatory**
| *Accusing, blame-implying, critical*
## Footnote
English 6.0
142
To officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a law court, or (of a lawyer) to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime.
| *The decision to prosecute was as swift as a cheetah.*
## Footnote
postawić w stan oskarżenia, ścigać, oskarżyć, prowadzić sprawę
# Verb
**Prosecute**
| *Litigate, take to court, sue*
## Footnote
English 6.0
143
The act of making something known or the fact that is made known.
| *The disclosure of his secret recipe shocked the culinary world.*
## Footnote
ujawnienie, wyjawienie, ujawnienie informacji, odsłonięcie
# Noun
**Disclosure**
| *Revelation, unveiling, exposure*
## Footnote
English 6.0
144
Strongly felt and sincere.
| *Her heartfelt apology melted the ice queen's heart.*
## Footnote
szczery, serdeczny, z głębi serca, prawdziwy
# Adjective
**Heartfelt**
| *Sincere, genuine, earnest*
## Footnote
English 6.0
145
A large, rounded rock that has been smoothed by the action of the weather or water.
| *He posed on the boulder like a conquering hero.*
## Footnote
głaz, kamień, skała, duża skała
# Noun
**Boulder**
| *Large rock, stone, pebble*
## Footnote
English 6.0
146
Thread used for making cloth or for knitting.
| *The cat's greatest enemy was a tangled ball of yarn.*
## Footnote
przędza, nić, włóczka, sznurek
# Noun
**Yarn**
| *Thread, fiber, wool*
## Footnote
English 6.0
147
To try to escape by running towards something.
| *He bolted from the room like a bat out of a cave.*
## Footnote
uciec, wyrwać się, zbiec, wybiec szybko
# Phrase
**Bolt from somewhere**
| *Rush out, flee, escape quickly*
## Footnote
English 6.0
148
Nonsense.
| *His excuse for being late was such baloney, even his dog didn't believe
## Footnote
bzdura, nonsens, głupstwo, brednie
# Noun
**Baloney**
| *Nonsense, rubbish, foolish talk*
## Footnote
English 6.0
149
Happening in a smooth, gradual, and regular way, not suddenly or unexpectedly.
| *His steady progress in class was like a tortoise winning the race.*
## Footnote
stały, równy, stabilny, niezmienny
# Adjective
**Steady**
| *Constant, stable, unchanging*
## Footnote
English 6.0
150
Margin to operate
| *He always left some wiggle room in his schedule for unexpected naps.*
## Footnote
margines manewru, przestrzeń, elastyczność, możliwość zmiany
# Noun
**Wiggle room**
| *Flexibility, leeway, room to maneuver*
## Footnote
English 6.0
151
To increase the size or value of something by adding something to it.
| *She augmented her meager lunch with a stolen apple.*
## Footnote
powiększać, zwiększać, wzmocnić, podnieść
# Verb
**Augment**
| *Increase, enhance, amplify*
## Footnote
English 6.0
152
To be connected with something or someone.
| *His comments did not pertain to the subject at hand, but to pizza.*
## Footnote
dotyczyć, odnosić się, być związanym, mieć zastosowanie
# Verb
**Pertain**
| *Relate, apply, be relevant*
## Footnote
English 6.0
153
Kind and friendly towards a younger or less experienced person.
| *His avuncular advice was always welcome, if a bit old-fashioned.*
## Footnote
wujkowy, przyjacielski, życzliwy, opiekuńczy
# Adjective
**Avuncular**
| *Uncle-like, kind, benevolent*
## Footnote
English 6.0
154
To give the same facts, explanations, etc. that have often been used before.
| *Every Christmas, he would trot out the same old embarrassing stories.*
## Footnote
wyciągnąć, przedstawić, pokazać, wykorzystać
# Verb
**Trot out**
| *Present, showcase, bring up*
## Footnote
English 6.0
155
The action of causing an event or situation to happen by making a set of actions or a formal process begin.
| *The food fight was a result of his mischievous instigation.*
## Footnote
inicjacja, podżeganie, wywołanie, inicjowanie
# Noun
**Instigation**
| *Incitement, provocation, initiation*
## Footnote
English 6.0
156
To make a liquid weaker by mixing in something else.
| *His coffee was so diluted, it tasted like colored water.*
## Footnote
rozcieńczony, osłabiony, rozwodniony, rozrzedzony
# Adjective
**Diluted**
| *Weakened, thinned, watered-down*
## Footnote
English 6.0
157
An easy and happy existence.
| *Life was not a bed of roses for the gardener who hated flowers.*
## Footnote
sielanka, łatwe życie, komfort, przyjemność
# Phrase
**Bed of roses**
| *Easy situation, comfortable, pleasant*
## Footnote
English 6.0
158
A mark or fault that spoils the appearance of someone or something.
| *The only blemish on his perfect day was a coffee stain.*
## Footnote
skaza, wada, plama, niedoskonałość
# Noun
**Blemish**
| *Flaw, defect, mark*
## Footnote
English 6.0
159
Very joyful and contented.
| *In the candy store, she was as happy as a pig in mud.*
## Footnote
szczęśliwy jak świnia w błocie, uradowany, wniebowzięty, zadowolony
# Phrase
**Happy as a pig in mud**
| *Very joyful, contented, delighted*
## Footnote
English 6.0
160
A different or less direct route to a place that is used to avoid a problem or to visit somewhere or do something on the way.
| *The detour took them through an area known for its peculiar squirrels.*
## Footnote
objazd, naokoło, omijanie, okrężna droga
# Noun
**Detour**
| *Alternate route, diversion, bypass*
## Footnote
English 6.0
161
To become tighter and narrower, or to make something become tighter and narrower.
| *The snake constricted its prey as efficiently as a well-oiled machine.*
## Footnote
zawężać, ściskać, skurczyć, ograniczać
# Verb
**Constrict**
| *Tighten, narrow, squeeze*
## Footnote
English 6.0
162
Used to describe a person who repeatedly commits a similar crime or carries out a similar bad act, or the crime or act itself.
| *The serial lateness of the bus was becoming a predictable drama.*
## Footnote
seryjny, cykliczny, powtarzalny, ciągły
# Adjective
**Serial**
| *Repeated, recurrent, sequential*
## Footnote
English 6.0
163
Soon.
| *Before long, his dreams of becoming a baker rose like dough.*
## Footnote
wkrótce, niedługo, za chwilę, za jakiś czas
# Phrase
**Before long**
| *Soon, in the near future, shortly*
## Footnote
English 6.0
164
I don't know (nie mieć zielonego pojęcia)
| *When asked about quantum physics, he replied, 'I don't have the foggies
## Footnote
nie mieć pojęcia, nie wiedzieć, nie mieć zielonego pojęcia, nie rozumieć
# Phrase
**I don’t have the foggiest idea**
| *No clue, unaware, uncertain*
## Footnote
English 6.0
165
This phrase is used to indicate that a list or sequence continues in the same manner.
| *He listed his hobbies: gardening, painting, fishing, and so on.*
## Footnote
i tak dalej, i tym podobne, i inne, i reszta
# Phrase
**And so on**
| *Continuation, etcetera, further*
## Footnote
English 6.0
166
If something engrosses you, it is so interesting that you give it all your attention.
| *The mystery novel engrossed him so much that he missed his stop.*
## Footnote
pochłaniać, zaabsorbować, wciągnąć, zainteresować
# Verb
**Engross**
| *Absorb, captivate, immerse*
## Footnote
English 6.0
167
Developing quickly.
| *The burgeoning artist's studio was a hive of creative chaos.*
## Footnote
rozkwitający, rozwijający się, bujny, szybko rosnący
# Adjective
**Burgeoning**
| *Growing, expanding, flourishing*
## Footnote
English 6.0
168
Dirty, cheap, or not socially acceptable, especially relating to moral or sexual matters.
| *The sleazy motel was the setting of many a B-movie thriller.*
## Footnote
obskurny, tandetny, podejrzany, nieprzyzwoity
# Adjective
**Sleazy**
| *Seedy, cheap, disreputable*
## Footnote
English 6.0
169
An unpleasant situation that is difficult to get out of.
| *Stuck in the tree, the cat faced a furry predicament.*
## Footnote
kłopot, trudna sytuacja, dylemat, zagwozdka
# Noun
**Predicament**
| *Dilemma, quandary, problem*
## Footnote
English 6.0
170
To delay making a decision or stating your opinion in order to get an advantage.
| *He temporized his response to the invitation, waiting for a better offe
## Footnote
zwlekać, odwlekać, grać na czas, unikać decyzji
# Verb
**Temporize**
| *Delay, stall, procrastinate*
## Footnote
English 6.0
171
A gesture is something that you say or do in order to express your attitude or intentions, although it might have little practical effect.
| *Giving her a single flower was a token gesture of his affection.*
## Footnote
symboliczny gest, drobny znak, niewielki wysiłek, nominalne działanie
# Noun
**Token gesture**
| *Symbolic act, minor effort, nominal action*
## Footnote
English 6.0
172
Physical strength and big muscles.
| *His brawn was evident as he lifted the car to retrieve the lost ball.*
## Footnote
siła, muskuły, krzepa, tężyzna fizyczna
# Noun
**Brawn**
| *Muscle, strength, power*
## Footnote
English 6.0
173
To try to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system.
| *The spy's mission was to subvert the enemy's plans with a baguette.*
## Footnote
podważać, obalać, zniweczyć, zakłócić
# Verb
**Subvert**
| *Undermine, destabilize, overthrow*
## Footnote
English 6.0
174
Symbolical
| *Taken it as a token of my gratitude*
## Footnote
Symbolicznie
# Adjevtive
**Token**
| *Voucher, emblem, representation*
## Footnote
English 6.0
175
to fail or do poorly.
| *His confidence tanked after the disastrous presentation.*
## Footnote
ponieść klęskę, spadać, załamać się, zepsuć się
# Verb
**Tank**
| *Fail, plummet, collapse*
## Footnote
English 6.0
176
To reduce or remove the effect of something unwanted by producing an opposite effect.
| *He tried to counteract his sleepiness with copious amounts of coffee.*
## Footnote
przeciwdziałać, zneutralizować, skompensować, przeciwstawić się
# Verb
**Counteract**
| *Neutralize, offset, counterbalance*
## Footnote
English 6.0
177
A single performance by a musician or group of musicians, especially playing modern or pop music.
| *Her first gig was in a cozy café filled with jazz enthusiasts.*
# Noun
**Gig**
| *Performance, show, job*
## Footnote
English 6.0
178
A small bed with high, usually slatted sides made for ensuring the baby won’t climb or fall out.
| *The baby's crib was a safe haven of soft blankets and plush toys.*
## Footnote
łóżeczko dziecięce, kołyska, kojec, łóżeczko niemowlęce
# Noun
**Crib**
| *Baby bed, cot, cradle*
## Footnote
English 6.0
179
The period of a person's or thing's greatest success, popularity, activity, or vigor.
| *In its heyday, the circus was the highlight of the town.*
## Footnote
szczyt, złoty wiek, okres rozkwitu, najlepszy okres
# Noun
**Heyday**
| *Prime, golden age, peak*
## Footnote
English 6.0
180
A lack of equality or similarity, especially in a way that is not fair.
| *The disparity between his dreams and reality was like night and day.*
## Footnote
nierówność, różnica, dysproporcja, rozbieżność
# Noun
**Disparity**
| *Inequality, difference, discrepancy*
## Footnote
English 6.0
181
A tool like a hammer with a large, flat end made of wood or rubber. It can also refer to a dollar or a male rabbit or deer.
| *He saved his first buck in a piggy bank shaped like an actual pig.*
## Footnote
dolar, jeleń, młotek, narzędzie
# Noun
**Buck**
| *Dollar, deer, tool*
## Footnote
English 6.0
182
To deal successfully with a difficulty or problem.
| *She surmounted her fear of heights by skydiving.*
## Footnote
przezwyciężyć, pokonać, opanować, zdobyć
# Verb
**Surmount**
| *Overcome, conquer, triumph over*
## Footnote
English 6.0
183
The state of being a person.
| *The debate on the personhood of AI was both fascinating and terrifying.
## Footnote
osobowość, osobowość prawna, bycie osobą, humanitaryzm
# Noun
**Personhood**
| *Individuality, humanity, identity*
## Footnote
English 6.0
184
This term refers to the concept in philosophy, particularly in discussions of the mind-body problem, where 'ghost' symbolizes the mind or consciousness residing within the 'machine,' the physical body.
| *The concept of the ghost in the machine challenges the separation of mi
## Footnote
Phrase
# fikcyjny, wymyślony, zmyślony, nieistniejący
**Ghost in the machine (philosophy term)**
| *Spirit-mind dichotomy, mental-physical dualism*
## Footnote
English 6.0
185
To believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it.
| *He took for granted that his cat would always land on its feet.*
## Footnote
uważać za rzecz oczywistą, przyjmować za pewnik, nie doceniać, brać za pewne
# Phrase
**Take something for granted**
| *Assume, presume, expect as normal*
## Footnote
English 6.0
186
In a way that is wrong or false.
| *He erroneously believed that tomatoes were a type of fish.*
## Footnote
błędnie, mylnie, niepoprawnie, niewłaściwie
# Adverb
**Erroneously**
| *Incorrectly, mistakenly, wrongly*
## Footnote
English 6.0
187
a tool with a large, flat head used for shaping or hitting a surface.
| *He used a malet in his woodworking with the skill of an artisan.*
# Noun
**Mallet**
| *Tool, hammer*
## Footnote
English 6.0
188
Used to refer to a teacher in a college or university who does not have tenure (the right to remain permanently in a job).
| *As an untenured professor, she worked tirelessly to prove her worth.*
## Footnote
bez stażu, bez etatu, bez zabezpieczenia, na umowie czasowej
# Adjective
**Untenured**
| *Non-permanent, temporary, contract-based*
## Footnote
English 6.0
189
To force something or someone to move from its usual or original position.
| *The new invention displaced the old method like a revolution.*
## Footnote
wypierać, przemieszczać, zastępować, przesuwać
# Verb
**Displace**
| *Remove, replace, relocate*
## Footnote
English 6.0
190
The process of voting in an election or a survey of people's opinions.
| *He watched the election results nervously as the polls closed.*
## Footnote
sondaże, wybory, głosowania, ankiety
# Noun
**Polls**
| *Surveys, elections, votings*
## Footnote
English 6.0
191
Restricted within limits.
| *His dreams were circumscribed by the walls of his small town.*
## Footnote
ograniczony, zawężony, określony, ograniczony
# Adjective
**Circumscribed**
| *Limited, restricted, confined*
## Footnote
English 6.0
192
To display an emotion or quality strongly and openly.
| *He exuded confidence, walking into the room like a movie star.*
## Footnote
wydzielać, emanować, przejawiać, wykazywać
# Verb
**Exude**
| *Emit, radiate, ooze*
## Footnote
English 6.0
193
To fix something firmly into a substance or solid object.
| *The image of the sunset was embedded in his memory like a painting.*
## Footnote
wbudować, osadzić, wpleść, umocować
# Verb
**Embed**
| *Insert, implant, fix*
## Footnote
English 6.0
194
This phrase means using the understanding gained by major thinkers who have gone before in order to make intellectual progress.
| We're all standing on the shoulders of giants
# Phrase
**Standing on the shoulders of giants**
| *Building on previous work, leveraging past achievements*
## Footnote
English 6.0
195
To spread through something and be present in every part of it.
| *The aroma of baking bread permeated the entire house.*
## Footnote
przenikać, wypełniać, nasycić, rozprzestrzeniać się
# Verb
**Permeate**
| *Pervade, infiltrate, saturate*
## Footnote
English 6.0
196
To be in charge of a situation or place.
| *She presided over the meeting with an iron fist in a velvet glove.*
## Footnote
przewodniczyć, zarządzać, kierować, kontrolować
# Verb
**Preside over**
| *Lead, oversee, govern*
## Footnote
English 6.0
197
Something that encourages a person to do something.
| *The promise of extra dessert was an incentive to finish his vegetables.
## Footnote
bodziec, zachęta, motywacja, stymulacja
# Noun
**Incentive**
| *Motivation, stimulus, encouragement*
## Footnote
English 6.0
198
To publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something.
Be an ... Of something
| *She became an advocate of eco-friendly practices after visiting the rai
## Footnote
być zwolennikiem, popierać, bronić, propagować
# Phrase
**Be an advocate of something**
| *Support, champion, promote*
## Footnote
English 6.0
199
Involving little exercise or physical activity.
| *His sedentary lifestyle was interrupted by unexpected dance lessons.*
## Footnote
siedzący, bierny, nieruchomy, osiadły
# Adjective
**Sedentary**
| *Inactive, stationary, sitting*
## Footnote
English 6.0
200
To give back the amount of money that someone has spent.
| *He was reimbursed for his travel expenses, much to his relief.*
## Footnote
zwrócić koszty, zrekompensować, refundować, oddać pieniądze
# Verb
**Reimburse**
| *Compensate, repay, refund*
## Footnote
English 6.0
201
(Especially of a problem or a difficulty) so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully.
| *The mountain seemed insurmountable, but she was determined to climb it.
## Footnote
nie do pokonania, nie do przezwyciężenia, nie do pokonania, nieodparty
# Adjective
**Insurmountable**
| *Unconquerable, invincible, insuperable*
## Footnote
English 6.0
202
Invented and not true or not existing.
| *Her fictitious friend was a dragon who loved cookies.*
## Footnote
fikcyjny, wymyślony, zmyślony, nieistniejący
# Adverb
**Fictitious**
| *Imaginary, made-up, false*
## Footnote
English 6.0
