English Colonies Flashcards
Who was the first governor of the Massachussetts Bay Colony?
John Winthrop
When happened the witchcraft crisis and where did it happen?
The witchcraft crisis = 1690-91
The witchcraft crisis began in Salem village where the persecuting of witches also stopped.
When was the Massachussetts Bay Colony founded? And when did it become an official royal colony?
The Massachussetts Bay colony was founded by a company, in 1628. It became an official royal colony in 1629.
Who were the Puritans?
In the 17th century, the Puritans were radical reformers. Their radicalism gave rise to the English Civil War and their thinking generated new theories, new thoughts about republican government as well as popular sovereignty. Religiously, they were part of the Calvinists who accepted the notion of predestination and grace. The Catholics were seen as the arch enemies, the pope was not seen well either. They did not support religious toleration. They regularly banished or exile dissenters like Roger Williams (who preached no religious toleration, extreme separatist) and Anne Hutchinson.
How many colonies formed the Massachusetts Bay colony ? And what were they?
1) New Haven (taken over by Connecticut in 1662)
2) Rhode Island (founded in 1663)
3) New Hampshire (created in 1677)
4) Connecticut (created in 1636; royal colony in 1662)
When was the Fundamental Orders adopted? And who adopted them?
It was adopted in 1639. Connecticut adopted it.
What were the Chesapeake colonies?
Virginia and Maryland
What were the colonies that were part of New England?
Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Haven and New Hampshire.
Chesapeake colonies infos?
- The Chesapeake bay was the 1st to be colonized
VIRGINIA - known as the “tobacco coast”
- where Jamestown was founded
- mostly focused on economic gain
- 1618: Edwin Sandys created an elective representative assembly called the House of Burgesses. He also constituted a Headright.
MARYLAND - was owned by only one proprietor
- the proprietor was a catholic (-> “Mary”) = Lord Baltimore
- political system was feudal
- people who lived in Maryland swore loyalty to Lord Baltimore, and not to the King of England.
- Lord Baltimore owned all the lands (6000 acres)
- 1635 : elective assembly created
What is the joint-stock company?
It’s a business in which dozen of people invest and pull their money for commerce and for funding colonies. One of these joint-stock company was the London Company (authorized by King James for plantation). Most of them were men. They refused hierarchy and wanted to make money quickly.
When and who created the House of Burgesses, and the Headright? What was their function?
In 1618, Edwin Sandys created them.
- the House of Burgesses was the first legislative assembly of elected representatives in North America. The House was established by the Virginia Company, who created the body as part of an effort to encourage English craftsmen to settle in North America and to make conditions in the colony more agreeable for its current inhabitants.
- the Headright It is a system of land distribution in which settlers were granted 58 acres of lands the colonial government. The deliberate of this policy was to allow rich planters to build huge estates. Indentured servents had their trip paid for them and in exchange they owned five to seven years to their employer. In fact they were slaves on their contract (worked night and day and owned everything from their master). At the end of their contract they were free and could own lands too; in fact they were never given their 58 acres.
When was the House of Burgesses authorized ?
the House of Burgesses was not allowed by the king. King James did not want a parliamentary institution. It became authorized in 1639 by the king.
What was the Mayflower Compact?
The Mayflower Compact was a signed agreement to ensure peace between the two groups carried by the Mayflower ship to America. The Mayflower Compact was written by the colonists before landing at Plymouth Rock and was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony under the sovereignty of James I of England. The Mayflower Compact specified basic laws and social rules for the new colony and served as a foundation for the democratic structure of the settlers.
When and what was The Great Migration ?
At the Massachusetts Bay Colony around 2000 settlers arrived, and at the end of 1630s, 16 000 people arrived ->The Great Migration which ended in 1640 with the English Civil War.
What is congretionalism?
It gradually emerged as the main form of Church government. Each village church is independant, there are no bishops nor central power that dictates. The church is a voluntary element, you do not need to belong to a church, you can be part f a church by giving a testimony. New England n’est pas une théocratie pour autant. Un membre de l’église ne peut pas tenir de poste en politique. Il y a quand même une séparation.
