English Grammar

Question 1

What a nice swimming pool!

Answer 1

Imperative

Question 2

How I wonder what you are!

Answer 2

Exclamatory

Question 3

Is the little star twinkling?

Answer 3

Interrogative

Question 4

The little star is twinkling.

Answer 4

Declarative

Question 5

Grammatical categories: Which grammatical categories are represented?

e. g. run - running -> aspect
1) Boy – Boys →
2) Him – Her →
3) Eat- eats →
4) Fool - be fooled →
5) Go - has gone →

Answer 5

1. Number
2. Gender
3. Person
4. Voice
5. Tense

Question 6

Name the difference between prescriptive and descriptive grammar

Answer 6

prescriptive

• laying down rules
• the grammatical correct version
• “correct”, “proper” and “educated” use of English

describe

• the way natives talk
• the way language is really being used

Question 7

Syntactic elements: Determine the syntactic elements in the following sentences

My little boy gave me his hand

Answer 7

Subject (my and little can also be considered as subject complements); Predicate; (Indirect) Object; (direct) object

Question 8

Do you ask?

Answer 8

Present simple

Question 9

Did you ask?

Answer 9

Past simple

Question 10

…Had asked?

Answer 10

past perfect simple

Question 11

…have asked

Answer 11

present perfect simple

Question 12

…will have asked

Answer 12

Future perfect simple

Question 13

I will be studying

Answer 13

Continous Future

Question 14

I am asking

Answer 14

present progessive

Question 15

I was asking

Answer 15

past progressive

Question 16

…had been asking

Answer 16

Past perfect progressive

Question 17

…had been asking

Answer 17

Past perfect progressive

Question 18

I have been asking

Answer 18

present perfect progressive

Question 19

…will be asking

Answer 19

Future progressive

Question 20

…will have been asking

Answer 20

Future perfect progressive

Question 21

Syntactic Element of:

The boy visited his father in thehospital

Answer 21

The boy (subject) visited (Predicate) his father (object) in the hospital. (Adverbial)

Question 22

Basic Sentence Patterns

The girl was sleeping

Answer 22

Subject Verb Object complement subject complement object adverbial

• SV – The girl was sleeping.

Question 23

Her mother was dressing the baby

Answer 23

• SVO – Her mother was dressing the baby.

Question 24

Liitle James seemed very happy

Answer 24

Subject Verb Object complement subject complement object adverbial

• SVC – Little James seemed very happy.

Question 25

Most people considered her a perfect mother

Answer 25

SVOC – Most people considered her a perfect mother.

Question 26

He was sitting on the table

Answer 26

* SVA – He was sitting on the table.

Question 27

She has spent all her life in the village

Answer 27

* SVOA – She has spent all her life in the village.

Question 28

Clauses: Outer Form: Off with you

Answer 28

**Verbless clauses**

Question 29

* _Made_ in Germany

Answer 29

**Non-finite clauses contain a verb which does not show tense, built around an infinite, gerund or participle**

Question 30

* I s**_poke_** to Luna last night

Answer 30

**Finite clauses** must contain a verb which shows tense & person

Question 31

* Normative: laying down rules (“how language ought to be used“) * “linguistic etiquette“ * “correct“, “proper“ and “educated” use of English * People who do not follow certain rules (e.g. “You must not split an infinitive“ or “You must not end a sentence with a preposition“ may be regarded as “poorly educated“

Answer 31

Prescriptive grammar

Question 32

* Describing language use without any social judgement * Reason: no variety is inherently better than another one: each variety has its own rules * “anything goes?“ * Corpuslinguistics as a tool to find out about REAL usage

Answer 32

Discriptive Grammar