English Language & Literature A - Unit 2 Section B: Varieties of Spoken English Flashcards
(29 cards)
Reporting Clause
A phrase such as ‘He said’ or ‘She replied’, which accompanies spoken language and indicates whos speaking.
Free direct Speech
Direct speech presented without, or with minimal, reporting clause such as ‘he said’. Some writers also omit the speech punctuation in free direct speech.
Free Indirect Speech
A form of indirect speech that reports the words of a character but omits the reporting clause, e.g ‘He said that….’
Idiolect
A combination of habitual language choices that is unique to an individual speaker, seen in such features as pronunciation, choice of vocabulary, phrasing and grammatical patterns
Caricature
A portrayal of a character in which certain features are exaggerated, usually for comic effect.
Closed question
A question phrased in such a way that offers the respondent only a limited choice of possible answers, usually yes or no or a one-word answer, e.g ‘do you like cheese?’
Open Question
A question phrased in a open-ended way so that the respondent can answer in a wide range of ways, e.g ‘What sort of food do you like?’
Parallelism
The repetition of the structure of a phrase or sentence, often for rhetorical effect, e.g ‘That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind
Pentameter
A line of verse containing five feet.
Iambic pentameter
A line of verse with five iambic feet.
Rhyming Couplet
Two lines of verse in which the words at the ends of each line rhymes.
Polysyllabic word
Words with more than one syllable
Monosyllabic word
Words with only one syllable
Feet
Units of rhythm consisting of particular patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables
Lamb
A foot with the rhythm: unstressed/stressed (x /)
End-Stopped line
A line of verse with a punctuation mark at the end to indicate a pause.
Enjambement
Continuity of the sense and rhythm from one line of verse to the next without end-stopping.
Caesura
A pause in the middle of a line of verse indicated by a punctuation mark.
Subordinate Clause
This depends on the main clause, e.g in the sentence ‘I went to the salesroom where I saw a great sports car’ the clause ‘where I saw a great sports car’ cannot stand alone.
Main Clause
A part of a sentence that is grammatically independent and may exist alone or alongside a subordinate clause.
Phrase
In the hierarchy of grammatical units, the phrase comes between word and clause. There are five types of phrase: Noun phrase (e.g the red dress), Verb phrase (e.g will be running), Adjective phrase (e.g nice hot lovely), Adverb phrase (e.g quite inexcusably), Prepositional phrase (e.g wherever)
Alliteration
The repetition of an initial consonant sound
Assonence
Repeated vowel sounds
Consonance
Repeated patterns of consonances
