English Midterm Study Guide

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

nature of the soul

Question 1

Politics

Answer 1

cure of the soul

Question 2

Rhetoric

Answer 2

persuasion of the soul

Question 3

Poetics

Answer 3

images that move the soul

Question 4

Extreme of Justice

Answer 4

truly just man who appears unjust

Question 5

Extreme of unjustice

Answer 5

unjust man who appears just

Question 6

Xenia

Answer 6

Greek custom of hospitality; guest-host relationship

Question 7

Kleos

Answer 7

Undying glory

Question 8

Cephalus

Answer 8

speaking the truth and paying back what is owed

Question 9

Polymarchus

Answer 9

doing good to friends and harming enemies

Question 10

Thrasymachus

Answer 10

the advantage of the stronger

Question 11

rule of one
(love)
rule of few
(virtue)
rule of many
(liberty)

Answer 11

benefit of all benefits of ruler (corrupt)
monoarchy tryanny

aristocracy oligarchy

polity democracy

Question 12

City of utmost nessessity

Answer 12

one man, one art, basic bodily needs

Question 13

Feverish city

Answer 13

luxuries added; not just; need to be purged

Question 14

Purged city

Answer 14

must educate the guardians so they don’t enslave the people

Question 15

rulers

Answer 15

wisdom

Question 16

guardians

Answer 16

courage

Question 17

moneymakers

Answer 17

moderation

Question 18

everyone minds his own business

Answer 18

justice

Question 19

Why is justice good in itself?

Answer 19

1. Just city and individual are wise, courageous, moderate, and just.
2. Each part if the city and soul mind its own business
3. Just soul and city are health and harmonious
4. unjust city is unhealthy

Question 20

Why a person can’t establish just city an earth

Answer 20

1.Philosophers must rule, but he don’t want to; he must be forced
2. If a philosopher rules you no longer have one man art
3. Rulers must lie – Myth of the metals – yet philosophers hate lies
4. Eugenics - reproduction must be controlled
5. Poets are no longer allowed in the city; Plato is a poet
6. Everyone over the age 10 has to leave the city
7. It has censorship

Question 21

Myth of the Metals

Answer 21

All people are born on Earth and earth is their mother and their all brothers. Gods put gold in the souls of ruler. Gods put silver in the souls of the guardians.
God put bronze and iron in souls of Farmers and craftsmen. Because of this no one should try to be a different class.

Question 22

What is the allegory of the ship of state

Answer 22

The city or state is like a ship.The sailors (politicans) are arguing over who should rule. The ship owner is in competent. The star gazer (philosopher) is the only one competent sailors don’t think he is capable because he is always looking at the stars.

Question 23

What are the crimes of the suitors in The Odyssey

Answer 23

Lack of respect for the prophets (and the gods)
Lack of respect of the elderly
Lack of respect for the xenia

Question 24

What are the characteristics of Epic and apply them to The Iliad and the Odyssey

Answer 24

Invocation of the muse poets ask Muse to inspire him to write a poem Catalogue list of ships from different cities and their leaders presence of Supernatural Athena Zeus and hair all involved directly in the war begins in Medias res Begins the 9th year of the war in the middle of things lofty or Elegant Style stock epithets white armed Hera swift-footed Achilles significant to a nation's history Trojan War fall of Troy long narrative poem dealing with a hero or Journey treasure more Achilles Hector Etc Odysseus's journey home epic simile Odyssey Odysseus sharing his bow compared to a musician playing a lyre

Question 25

What are the two fates of Achilles?

Answer 25

If you return to battle he will have a short life with honor if he goes home he will have a long life but he will not be remembered he chose short life with Glory Odysseus meets Achilles in the underworld in the middle of the Odyssey chiastic pattern always makes the middle of the story the most significant part Achilles said that he better to live and be the slave of the poorest farmer then forte all the dead Homer appears to criticize the values of the kelos and his Society