ENHANCEMENT CLASS LEC: URINE AND OTHER BODY FLUID

Question 1

A liquid tissue biopsy of the urinary tract

Answer 1

URINE

Question 2

Painlessly obtained (EASY)

Answer 2

URINE

Question 3

Yields a great deal of information quickly and economically

Answer 3

URINE

Question 4

Tests need to be carefully performed and properly controlled

Answer 4

URINE

Question 5

Kidney receives :

Answer 5

25% of total cardiac output

Question 6

Total renal blood flow:

Answer 6

1200 ml/min

Question 7

Total renal plasma flow:

Answer 7

600-700 ml/min

Question 8

URINE consist of _____and other organic (35%) and inorganic (25g)

Answer 8

urea

Question 9

Urine is normally _________

Answer 9

95% water and 5% solutes

Question 10

is the metabolic waste product produced in the liver from the breakdown of protein and amino acids

Answer 10

UREA

Question 11

Other organic substances of urine:

Answer 11

CREATININE
URIC ACID

Question 12

MAJOR INORGANIC substances of urine:

Answer 12

CHLORIDE

Question 13

The major inorganic solid dissolved in urine

Answer 13

CHLORIDE

Question 14

OTHER INORGANIC SUBSTANCES OF URINE

Answer 14

SODIUM
POTASSIUM

Question 15

Other substances found in urine include

Answer 15

hormones, vitamins and medications.

Question 16

URINE MAY ALSO CONTAIN FORMED ELEMENTS :

Answer 16

cells, casts, crystals, mucus and bacteria (increase amount is often indicative of disease)

Question 17

____ is major body constituent

Answer 17

Water

Question 18

main determinant of urine volume

Answer 18

Water

Question 19

Normal range of urine (24hrs)

Answer 19

600-2000 mL

Question 20

Average range of urine (24hrs)

Answer 20

1200-1500 mL

Question 21

Night urine generally is not in excess of ______.

Answer 21

400 mL

Question 22

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE URINE VOLUME:

Answer 22

fluid intake
fluid loss
variations in secretions of ADH

Question 23

Decrease urine output
<400 mL/day
Causes: Dehydration

Answer 23

OLIGURIA

Question 24

Increase in daily urine volume
>2.5/day in adults
>2.5-3 mL/kg/day in children
Causes: DM, DI, DIURETICS

Answer 24

POLYURIA

Question 25

Complete CESSATION of urine flow <100 mL/24hrs Causes: serious damage to the kidneys

Answer 25

ANURIA

Question 26

Increase in the nocturnal excretion of the urine.

Answer 26

NOCTURIA

Question 27

Specimens must be collected in clean, dry, leak-proof containers. What mL?

Answer 27

50mL

Question 28

Allow ____ specimen needed for microscopic analysis

Answer 28

12 mL

Question 29

Unacceptable Situations:

Answer 29

1. Specimens in unlabeled containers 2. Nonmatching labels and requisition forms 3. Specimens contaminated with feces or toilet paper 4. Containers with contaminated exteriors 5. Specimens of insufficient quantity 6. Specimens that have been improperly transported

Question 30

Specimens should be delivered to the laboratory promptly and tested _________.

Answer 30

within 2 HOURS

Question 31

A specimen that cannot be delivered and tested within 2 hours should be ___

Answer 31

refrigerated

Question 32

most routinely used method for preservation.

Answer 32

REFRIGERATION (2°C - 8°C)

Question 33

refrigerated during until cultured up to 24 hours

Answer 33

CULTURE

Question 34

should be bactericidal, inhibit urease, and preserve formed elements and the sediment.

Answer 34

TRANSPORT TUBES

Question 35

Semen Composition:

Answer 35

Spermatozoa Seminal fluid Prostate fluid Bulbourethral glands

Question 36

Spermatozoa percent

Answer 36

5%

Question 37

Produced in seminiferous tubules in the testis & matures in the epididymis

Answer 37

Spermatozoa

Question 38

Seminal fluid percent

Answer 38

60 - 70%

Question 39

provides nutrients for the sperm (fructose: essential for the movement of the sperm.)

Answer 39

Seminal fluid

Question 40

Prostate fluid percent

Answer 40

20-30 %

Question 41

Acidic; has enzymes that are important for liquefaction and coagulation.

Answer 41

Prostate fluid

Question 42

Bulbourethral glands percent

Answer 42

5%

Question 43

It is produced in the choroid plexuses of the two lumbar ventricles; the 3rd & 4th ventricles

Answer 43

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Question 43

Neutralize the acidity of the semen

Answer 43

Bulbourethral glands

Question 44

Fluid between the membranes that provides lubrication between the parietal and visceral membrane

Answer 44

SEROUS FLUID

Question 45

NEEDLE ASPIRATION:

Answer 45

Thoracentesis (pleural) Pericardiocentesis (pericardial) Paracentesis (peritoneal)

Question 46

lies in respiratory system

Answer 46

Thoracentesis (pleural)

Question 47

lies the parietal and visceral membrane of heart

Answer 47

Pericardiocentesis (pericardial)

Question 48

Flows between the linings of the parietal and visceral membrane of the abdominal organs

Answer 48

Paracentesis (peritoneal)

Question 49

Often referred to as “joint fluid”

Answer 49

SYNOVIAL FLUID

Question 50

Formed as ultrafiltrate of plasma across the synovial membrane

Answer 50

SYNOVIAL FLUID

Question 51

The synovial membrane contains specialized cells called

Answer 51

SYNOVIOCYTES

Question 52

Sac called the ___, which surrounds the fetus, contains amniotic fluid.

Answer 52

amnio

Question 53

Protects the fetus by acting as a cushion, allowing movement stabilizing temperature to guard against excessive temperature swings, and enabling healthy lung development

Answer 53

AMNIOTIC FLUID

Question 54

____of amniotic fluid come from maternal blood

Answer 54

35ml

Question 55

AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR Colorless :

Answer 55

Normal

Question 56

AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR Blood-streaked :

Answer 56

Traumatic tap, abdominal trauma

Question 57

AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR Yellow :

Answer 57

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 58

FECAL ANALYSIS MACROSCOPIC Quantity :

Answer 58

100 - 200g per day

Question 59

AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR Dark green:

Answer 59

Meconium Fetal death

Question 60

FECAL ANALYSIS MACROSCOPIC Color :

Answer 60

brown

Question 61

FECAL ANALYSIS MACROSCOPIC Odor :

Answer 61

indole and catole

Question 62

found in watery stools.

Answer 62

TROPHOZOITES

Question 63

found in formed stools.

Answer 63

CYSTS