Enlightenment Flashcards
(21 cards)
What was the enlightenment connected to?
period called the Age of reason
What was the Age of reason about?
it used reason and scientific methods as the primary means of knowing
Main principles of Enlightenment:
- Reason - truth can be discovered by logical thinking
- scientific methods should be used - Nature = source of knowledge
- as there are natural laws of motion, so there are natural laws of politics - Progress – People who believed in progress could create better society
What was the main source of communication?
Printing word, Creating and spreading of journals, magazines, newspapers
Why was the print culture important?
Information circulated faster, they were more critical of society and government
What was the new power?
Newspapers
What was the greatest printed work of Enlightenment?
Encyclopedia
Why was encyclopedia so important?
made learning interdependent from Church
Who was encyclopedia written by?
Denis Diderot
What was the encyclopedia about?
- all knowledge about science, technology, art, culture, government
When was the first volume of encyclopedia?
1751
What was a novel?
new form of literature, fiction – became popular instead of poetry
What did enlightenment change?
principles of government
traditionally => ruler was appointed by God and had absolute power
What did Thomas Hobbes think+ what is his work?
work Leviathan – all humans are selfish and need strong ruler
What is work Leviathan about?
all humans are selfish and need strong ruler=>Agreement between ruler and people – social contract – people give up freedom and rights and ruler can keep order.
What did John Locke think?
people can govern themself – learn from experience
What did the saying “people can govern themself – learn from experience” mean and who thought it?
John Locke
People born with 3 rights – life, liberty, property – government must protect these rights – if no, people can revoke contract
What did Francois Marie Voltaire believed in?
biggest enemy is religious intolerance
What did the saying “biggest enemy is religious intolerance” mean and who thought it?
Francois Marie Voltaire,
Religious intolerance leads to fanaticism and savage => wanted separation of church and state
What was the work of Baron Charles de Montesquieu ?
Spirit of Laws
What was Spirit of Laws about?
power should be divided and shared by 3 branches – legislative, executed, judical – each branch should be controlled by other two
