Enlightenment

Question 1

What were the two sources of knowledge during the Middle Ages?

Answer 1

The Church and Ancient Greeks/Romans

Question 2

When was the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 2

Mid 1500’s-1700’s

Question 3

How did the Scientific Revolution begin?

Answer 3

-New ideas of the Renaissance, Reformation, Humanism, and Scholasticism
-Weakening of the Catholic Church, and the creation of the printing press.

Question 4

What is the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 4

The idea that mathematics/ laws governed the universe and It could be “known, managed, and shaped by the people”

Question 5

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 5

Heliocentric Theory

Question 6

What is the Heliocentric Theory?

Answer 6

Earth revolves around the sun

Question 7

Galileo

Answer 7

Invented Telescope + Proved the heliocentric theory

Question 8

Why was the church mad about people believing in the heliocentric theory?

Answer 8

It challenged the bible

Question 9

Johannes Kepler

Answer 9

Elliptical orbit of the planets

Question 10

Isaac Newton

Answer 10

Laws of gravity and motion

Question 11

What different fields did the Scientific Revolution cause advances in?

Answer 11

Medicine, the human body, scientific instruments (Microscope, Barometer, Thermometer)

Question 12

Andreas Vesalius

Answer 12

Father of Anatomy

Question 13

William Harvey

Answer 13

Circulation of blood

Question 14

What did William Harvey use to demonstrate the circulatory system?

Answer 14

Deer

Question 15

Edward Jenner

Answer 15

Introduced the first smallpox vaccine

Question 16

When did Edward Jenner create the smallpox Vaccine?

Answer 16

The late 1700’s

Question 17

What was the importance of the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 17

-Emphasis is placed on reason and observation to solve problems.
-Scientific Method/ Testing Hypotheses

Question 18

Francis Bacon

Answer 18

Stressed scientific experimentation and observation

Question 19

Rene Descartes

Answer 19

Emphasized human reasoning

Question 20

What was Rene Descartes’ saying?

Answer 20

“I think therefore I am”

Question 21

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 21

-Wrote Leviathan
-People are selfish, cruel, and greedy and should be protected from their own selfishness
-Believed in absolute rule

Question 22

John Locke

Answer 22

-Protect the natural rights of people
-Life, Liberty, Property (Land)
-Wrote Two Treatises of Government
-Government can be overthrown if it does not do its job

Question 23

Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 23

-Wrote The Spirit of Laws
-3 Branches of Government

Question 24

What are the 3 branches of government

Answer 24

Legislative, Judicial, and Executive

Question 25

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 25

-People were born good -The Social Contract -People should choose their government -Hated all forms of political and economic oppression.

Question 26

Voltaire

Answer 26

-Freedom of speech and religion -"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"

Question 27

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence

Answer 27

Thomas Jefferson

Question 28

Who wrote the Bill of Rights

Answer 28

James Madison

Question 29

Miguel de Cervantes

Answer 29

Wrote the first novel, called Don Quixote

Question 30

Johann Sebastian Bach

Answer 30

Composer of Baroque music (same mood throughout)

Question 31

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Answer 31

Composer of Classical music (many mood changes throughout)

Question 32

Eugene Delacroix

Answer 32

-Painters from the Romantic period -Painted Liberty Leading the People