Enlightenment Review

Question 0

Government should protect society from invasion (defense).

Answer 0

-Adam Smith

Question 1

Each branch should have the power to check and balance the others

Answer 1

-Baron de Montesquieu

Question 2

Governments are formed to protect life, liberty, and property.

Answer 2

-Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 3

If government fails in its duties or becomes oppressive the people have the right to alter or abolish the government.

Answer 3

-Jean Jacques Rosseau

Question 4

Laissez-faire; Government should not interfere in the economy.

Answer 4

-Adam Smith

Question 5

Men and women are both capable of reason.

Answer 5

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 6

Nations should engage in free trade and not impose tariffs on each other.

Answer 6

-Adam Smith

Question 7

Opposed capital punishment

Answer 7

-Cesare Beccaria

Question 8

People form a social contract with the government.

Answer 8

-Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 9

Public works necessary for trade which would not otherwise be done (roads, bridges, canals) should be provided by government.

Answer 9

-Adam Smith

Question 10

Punishment for crimes should not be more brutal than the crimes themselves.

Answer 10

-Cesare Beccaria

Question 11

Religious toleration should be the norm as “all men are brothers under God”

Answer 11

-Voltaire

Question 12

The domination of women by men is wrong

Answer 12

-Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 13

The government should defend citizens from injustice (punish criminals)

Answer 13

-Adam Smith

Question 14

The powers of government should be divided into three branches - legislative, executive, and judicial.

Answer 14

-Baron de Montesquieu

Question 15

A Vindication of the Rights of Women

Answer 15

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 16

On Crimes and Punishments

Answer 16

Cesare Beccaria

Question 17

On the Wealth of Nations

Answer 17

Adam Smith

Question 18

The Social Contract

Answer 18

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 19

The Spirit of the Laws

Answer 19

Baron de Montesquieu

Question 20

Treatise of Toleration

Answer 20

Voltaire

Question 21

How did Montesquieu influence the Constitution?

Answer 21

His idea of 3 branches was put into the constitution.

Question 22

How did Adam Smith influence the constitution?

Answer 22

Laissez-faire; Government should not interfere with the economy - constitution.

Question 23

*Highway system

Answer 23

For militarized to move equipment, people, etc.

Question 24

"Earth-centered"

Answer 24

Geocentric

Question 25

"Sun-centered"

Answer 25

Heliocentric

Question 26

Author of On the Wealth of Nations and the father of modern economics

Answer 26

Adam Smith

Question 27

First ten Amendments of the US Constitution

Answer 27

Bill of Rights

Question 28

18th century religious philosophy based upon reason and natural law

Answer 28

Deism

Question 29

Tsarina of Russia, tried to be and enlightened absolutist, but failed to free the serfs

Answer 29

Catherine the Great

Question 30

Began a religious revival during the enlightenment; founder of the Methodist church

Answer 30

John Wesley

Question 31

Holy Roman Emperor and enlightened absolutist; freed the serfs and abolished capital punishment

Answer 31

Joseph ll

Question 32

The elegant drawing rooms of great urban houses where people gathered to discuss enlightenment ideas

Answer 32

Salons

Question 33

Judicial philosopher during the Enlightenment; opposed capital punishment

Answer 33

Cesare Beccaria

Question 34

Concept proposed by Rousseau that an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will since it represents what is best for the entire community

Answer 34

Social contract

Question 35

Systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence that was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world

Answer 35

Scientific method

Question 36

King of Great Britain during the American Revolution

Answer 36

George lll

Question 37

Believed that people's minds begin as a blank slate that is filled by experience and education

Answer 37

John Locke

Question 38

Founding document of American; explained our philosophy and our reasons for separating from Great Britain

Answer 38

Declaration of Independence

Question 39

King of Prussia and enlightened absolutist; permitted some freedom of speech and press, but failed to free the serfs

Answer 39

Frederick ll the Great

Question 40

Believed that people's minds begin in | a blank slate that is filled by experience and education

Answer 40

John Locke

Question 41

Leader of colonial forces during the American Revolution and First US President

Answer 41

George Washington

Question 42

Absolute monarch of the Austrian Empire; fought two wars against Frederick the Great - the war of Austrian succession of the 7 years' war

Answer 42

Maria Theresa

Question 43

Form of government in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances

Answer 43

Federalism

Question 44

Published the first encyclopedia in France where it was also banned

Answer 44

Denis Diderot

Question 45

Early feminist that argued men's domination of women was just as arbitrary and wrong as an absolute monarchs rule over their subjects

Answer 45

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 46

Author of On the Spirit of the Laws which advocated a separation of powers and checks and balances in government

Answer 46

Baron de Montesquieu

Question 47

The country supported the American colonists after Saratoga to hurt Great Britain

Answer 47

France

Question 48

Satirist and Philosopher; promoted freedom of religion

Answer 48

Voltaire

Question 49

A body of law or specific principle held to be derived from nature and binding upon human society in the absence of or in addition to positive law

Answer 49

Natural law

Question 50

Author of the Declaration of Independence and third US president

Answer 50

Thomas Jefferson

Question 51

Term applied to intellectuals during the Enlightenment

Answer 51

Philosophes

Question 52

System of though expounded by Rene Descartes based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge

Answer 52

Rationalism

Question 53

Form of government in which power is shared between the central government and several regional governments

Answer 53

Federal system

Question 54

The primary cause of the American Revolution was _____

Answer 54

Taxes

Question 55

System in which rulers tried to govern by enlightenment principles while maintaining full royal powers

Answer 55

Enlightened absolutism

Question 56

Founder of the scientific method

Answer 56

Francis Bacon