Enquiry Question 1 Flashcards
(36 cards)
What are the layers of the Earth?
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
What is the crust?
Solid rock on the surface of the earth.
What is the mantle?
The second layer on the earth, hot and flows like a ‘thick liquid’.
What is the outer core?
Liquid iron and nickel and under huge pressures.
What is the inner core?
Solid, mainly iron and nickel
What is the oceanic crust?
Crust covered in oceans.
Always subducts under the continental crust.
Thinner than continental.
Denser.
What is the continental crust?
Crust covered in land.
Thicker.
Less dense.
What is a constructive plate boundary?
Where plates move apart from each other and magma seeps up and hardens to fill the gap and create new land.
What is a destructive plate boundary?
When plates move together and one subducts under the other and land is destroyed.
What is a conservative plate boundary?
When two plates rub against each other and move in different directions.
What is a collision plate boundary?
When continental crusts meet and push against each other and force land up to form mountains.
Who first had the theory that plate tectonics existed?
Wegener in 1915.
Where does an intra-plate earthquake occur?
In the interior of a tectonic plate, they are very rare.
Where do interplate earthquakes occur?
At plate boundaries, they are more common.
What is a hotspot?
An area created by a hot plume of magma that rises under the plate and occurs in the middle of a plate.
What is the Benioff zone?
The area under a destructive plate boundary where many deep earthquakes occur.
What is the hypocentre of an earthquake?
It is the ‘focus’ point within the ground where the energy that is stored in the rock is first released.
What are some features of a composite volcano.
tall, steep sided shape, traditional cone.
viscous (sticky) lava.
less frequent eruptions.
large eruptions.
What are some features of a shield volcano.
shallow sided, wide in shape.
runny lava.
more frequent eruptions.
smaller eruptions.
What are the three lava types.
Basaltic Lava.
Andesitic Lava.
Rhyolitic Lava.
What are the primary volcano hazards?
Pyroclastic flows.
Volcanic gas eruptions.
Lava.
Tephra and ash.
What are the secondary volcano hazards?
Lahars.
Jokulhlaup.
What are seismic waves?
Shockwaves released by tectonic movements.
What are the 4 theories explaining plate tectonic movement?
Mantle convection,
Slab pull,
Subduction,
Seafloor spreading.
