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Tomakesense 2 > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Pharyngeal pouch management

A

AVOID ENDOSCOPY due to perf risk
Smaller pouches: no intervention necessary
Larger pouches: surgery

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2
Q

African lady with chronic nose swelling. Dx + responsible organism + Rx?

A

Rhinoscleroma - chronic granulomatous bacterial disease of URT
Klebsiella

Tropical disease ~South America/Africa

Rx: Tetracycline or Cipro

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3
Q

Indication for ABx in tonsillitis

A

at least 3 out of 4 centor criteria:

  • tonsillar exudate
  • tender anterior lymphadenopathy
  • lack of cough
  • fever
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4
Q

OSA diagnostic test

A

Polysomnography (sleep studies) - monitors number of desaturations

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5
Q

Hoarse voice, chest pain, chronic cough - worse after eating spicy food

A

GORD ie. can cause hoarse voice

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6
Q

Management of facial injury causing swollen nose and deviated nasal bones + asymmetrical and boggy septum

A

Septal haematoma evacuation (as can lead to septal necrosis)

Then review in 7 days to determine if not manipulation required

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7
Q

Most USEFUL investigation for neck lump

A

FNA

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8
Q

Elderly lady with progressive dysphagia to solids, pain on swallowing, weight loss

A

Hypopharyngeal ca

Dysphagia occurs when larynx invaded

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9
Q

Most common head and neck cancer

A

Squamous cell laryngeal cancer

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10
Q

Presentation of squamous cell laryngeal cancer

A

Persistent hoarse voice in male alcoholic/smoker ie. refer all hoarse voice >6/52 urgently to ENT

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11
Q

What is Frey’s syndrome?

A

Injury to auriculotemporal nerve, which reforms inappropriately- complication of parotid surgery

Parasympathetic impulses inappropriately trigger sympathetic nerves:

  • gustatory sweating
  • facial swelling
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12
Q

A few days old newborn shows poor otoacoustic testing performance; mother had fever and rash during pregnancy

A

Congenital rubella syndrome, features:

  • eye, ears, brain, cardiac
  • related to contact in 1st trimester
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13
Q

ENT complication and treatment for severe hyperbilirubinaemia in newborn

A

Cx: Hearing loss or damage

Rx: Exchange transfusion (plot graph of bilirubin levels + blue UV light conservatively first)

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14
Q

Repeated and prolonged exposure to what level of noise can cause hearing loss?

A

> 85db

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15
Q

Young boy with ear pain and fever

o/e: tender ear, tender boggy swelling posterior to pinna

?Dx + Rx

A

Mastoiditis - swelling of mastoid process (usually due to untreated OE)

Rx: admission for IV ABx

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16
Q

Part of the ear most commonly affected in otosclerosis

A

Stapes

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17
Q

Which narrow structure connects nasopharynx to middle ear? Clinical relevance?

A

Eustachian tube

Small in kids ie. easily blocked -> glue ear

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18
Q

Most appropriate hearing test in newborn

A

Otoacoustic emissions
OR
Auditory brainstem responses

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19
Q

Most appropriate hearing test in >5yo

Study These Flashcards
A

Pure tone audiometry

20
Q

60yo male with hoarse voice >2months.

PMH GORD

Study These Flashcards
A

Chronic laryngitis (where Sx last >3/52)

21
Q

Singer with 3 week history of hoarse voice. No other Sx

Study These Flashcards
A

Vocal cord nodule

22
Q

Singer with 3 week history of hoarse voice. Also has pain

Study These Flashcards
A

vocal cord granuloma

23
Q

Drugs that cause hearing loss

Study These Flashcards
A

Aspirin
Gent
Frusemide
Quinine

24
Q

Features of TMJ dysfunction

Study These Flashcards
A

Covers anything from muscles of mastication to temporamandibular joint

Px: ear/jaw pain -> restricted mandibular movement, multiple manifestations eg.

  • teeth grinding at night
  • ear ache
  • tender tragus
25
Complications of ingestion of bleach
laryngeal structural/vocal cord damage ie. hoarse voice oesophagitis pneumonitis
26
Poorly controlled asthmatic boy with voice hoarseness
Drug induced dysphonia ~inh steroids - causes myopathy of vocal cords - reverses when steroids withdrawn
27
Nigerian woman with purulent discharge of swollen parotid gland, fever, anterior uveitis, facial palsy
Heerfordt's syndrome (form of sarcoidosis) | Other features of sarcoid can also be present
28
Treatment of branchial cyst
Excision (may recur)
29
Cause of OSA in children with normal BMI
Chronic tonsillitis
30
Child with sore throat, dysphagia, halitosis, fever, trismus, headache, neck pain, ear ache, displacement of tonsil inferomedially Dx+Rx
Quinsy (peritonsillar abscess) Rx: analgesia, DRAINAGE, ABx
31
Facial/peripheral swelling + weight gain following sore throat
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
32
Genetic conditions with SN hearing loss
Pendred syndrome Usher's syndrome Alport's syndrome Waardenburg syndrome
33
Red flags for investigation if have nasal congestion
``` numbness bleeding tooth loss unilateral obstructing mass suspicion of tumour ```
34
Commonest cause of orbital cellulitis in children | Ix + Rx
Ethmoidal sinus infection (medial wall of orbit is thin) Ix: Contrast CT Rx: IV Abx
35
Viral labyrinthitis features
SUDDEN | N+V, horizontal nystagmus, hearing disturbance, vertigo
36
Glue ear Rx
Conservative UNLESS affecting education or have Downs/Cleft palate (then refer for hearing test)
37
What is polychondritis? Common causative organisms? Rx?
Infection of ear, often follows bites/trauma/surgery Pseudomonas or S aureus Rx: IV ABx + Steroids (NB. if recurrent, consider Wegener's)
38
When to consider malignant OE? | Rx?
Persistent OE in DM/immunosuppressed/elderly, as may have extended to bony ear canal Rx: admit for IV ABx
39
Samter's triad
Asthma + aspirin sensitivity + nasal polyps
40
Nasal polyps Rx?
Topical steroids | ENT referral for ALL
41
Initial treatment of epistaxis
Pinch soft part of nose and lean FORWARD
42
Vestibular neuronitis features
Recurrent vertigo and nausea for hours, post viral NB. NO tinnitus/hearing loss
43
Otosclerosis vs presbycusis
``` Otosclerosis = conductive Presbycusis = SN ```
44
Age of presentation of glue ear/OME | Associations of OME
~2 years old | speech/language/balance/behavioural delay
45
"Aural fullness" + SN h/l
Meniere's
46
Acoustic neuromas can be manifestation of which genetic condition?
NF2
47
Treatment for candidial OM
Topical antifungal for 14/7 | +/- ENT referral for aural toilet

Tomakesense 2 (18 decks)

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