ENT

Question 1

Modality of CN1

Answer 1

Special sensory

Question 2

Outline CN1

Answer 2

Shortest cranial nerve
Does not join with brain stem
Unmyelinated
Consists of two processes - peripheral olfactory processes in mucosa
And antral processes that return info to the brain
Enters through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Question 3

What is in the olfactory bulb

Answer 3

Specialised mitral cells that synapse with olfactory nerve

Question 4

Does olfactory nerve go to the thalamus

Answer 4

Nope

Question 5

What lines the sinuses

Answer 5

Mucous secreting respiratory mucosa

Question 6

Where does the right ethmoidal sinus drain to

Answer 6

Right superior and middle meatuses

Question 7

Where does sphenoidal sinuses drain to

Answer 7

Anteriorly into the right sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 8

Frontal sinuses drain to,,,

Answer 8

Right Middle meatus

Question 9

Antra drain to

Answer 9

middle meatus

Question 10

Where do tears drain to ?

Answer 10

Nasolacrimal duct

Which drains tears into the inferior meatus of lateral wall of nasal cavity

Question 11

What is sinusitis

Answer 11

Inflammation of the mucosa of the para nasal sinuses
Acute subacute or chronic
Infective - usually viral, allergic or autoimmune

Question 12

Where is the pain of sinusitis felt

Answer 12

In the distribution of cnV1 and CNV2 and may be referred to the teeth

Question 13

Why are the antral/maxillary sinuses most liable to sinusitis

Answer 13

Because the mucous here has to drain up against gravity

Question 14

What does the Petrous part of the temporal bone contain

Answer 14

Organs of hearing and balance
Facial nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 15

What does the external acoustic meatus do

Answer 15

Collects and conveys sound waves to the tympanic membrane

Question 16

What does the Eustachian tube do

Answer 16

Regulates pressure

Aerates the middle ear system

Question 17

Why must you not use adrenaline containing local anaesthetics on the ear

Answer 17

As the cartilage is avascular

Question 18

Where do the mastoid nodes Drain to

Answer 18

Post auricular

Then to deep cervical then to thoracic duct

Question 19

Where do the parotid nodes drain

Answer 19

Pre auricular then deep cervical then thoracic duct

Question 20

What are the four parts of the tympanic membrane

Answer 20

Umbo is the most inward bit
Pars flaccida is the thinnest bit
Pars tensa is the thick part
Cone of light

Question 21

What is the general sensory nerve supply to the tympanic membrane

Answer 21

External - CNV3

Internal - CN IX

Question 22

What is the general sensory nerve supply to the middle ear, Eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx and tonsils

Answer 22

CN IX

Question 23

Where does the Eustachian tube connect

Answer 23

Connects the tympanic membrane to lateral wall of nasopharynx

Question 24

What is the aditus

Answer 24

The doorway into the right mastoid Antrum (the air cells in the ,a stood process)

Question 25

What is the bony labyrinth

Answer 25

The space inside the otic capsule

Question 26

What is perilymph

Answer 26

The fluid that fills the bony labyrinth

Question 27

What are the semicircular ducts

Answer 27

Inter linked balloon like structures within the semi circular canals containing endolymph APs here -> vestibular nerve

Question 28

What is stapedius

Answer 28

Tiniest skeletal muscle in the body Supplied by CN VII reduces stapes movement to protect from excess noise

Question 29

What is tensor tympani

Answer 29

Tiny skeletal muscle Supplied by CNV3 Pulls on handle of malleus to tense the tympanic membrane

Question 30

What is chorda tympani

Answer 30

Branch of CN VII Supplies taste buds to anterior 2/3 tongue Parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 31

Where does CN VII exist for its extra cranial course

Answer 31

Stylomastoid foramen | It enters the posterior aspect of parotid gland and divides into somatic motor branches for facial expression

Question 32

What supplies the salivary glands

Answer 32

Parotid - parasym from CN IX | Submandibular and sublingual - parasym from chorda tympani

Question 33

What is the parotid duct

Answer 33

Crosses the masseter | Pierces medically through buccinator and opens on the parotid papilla of buccal mucosa

Question 34

What is the muscle of the floor of the mouth

Answer 34

Miylohyoid

Question 35

What is the lingual nerve

Answer 35

Branch of CN V3 containing general sensory and special sensory from the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Question 36

What is the general and special sensory supply to the posterior third of the tongue

Answer 36

CN IX

Question 37

What is the foramen caecum

Answer 37

Origin of thyroid gland at apex of terminal groove

Question 38

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 38

Palatoglossis - from soft palate to tongue Styloglossus - from styloid process of temp bone to tongue Hyoglossus - from hyoid bone to tongue Genioglossus - from mandible to tongue Most supplied by CNxii which connects to CNS at medulla oblongata

Question 39

What epithelium is in the oral cavity

Answer 39

Hard palate - keratinised stratified squamous epithelium | Soft palate - non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 40

What can be done for a septal haematoma

Answer 40

Incised and drained to prevent avascular necrosis of the septal hyaline cartilages