ENT Flashcards
(27 cards)
Loss of red reflex means?
Cataracts
If a patient has a painless lump on the upper lid – dx?
Chalazion
A patient with a red eye with watery discharge – what is the cause?
Adenovirus causes viral conjunctivitis!!
How do we treat a corneal abrasion?
Erythromycin ointment – DO NOT PATCH OR GIVE STEROIDS!
FLOROQUINOLONES for contact lens wearers
What should we always do when we suspect a corneal abrasion? What are we ruling out?
Florescein dye – R/O corneal ulcer caused by herpes!
If a patient loses their peripheral vision – what do we think of? Dx?
Glaucoma IOP >25
If a patient has a sudden onset of a painful eye that is extremely tender, with a hazy cornea, and a fixed pupil – dx? Tx?
Closed-angle glaucoma
Tx with emergent topical BB
Your 65 male patient who is a smoker presents with central vision loss. You note drusen on PE – what are you thinking? How do you Dx? Tx?
Macular degeneration
Dx with amsler grid
Tx supportive – vitamin C, E, zinc, and copper
If a patient has floaters and flashers, with painless loss of vision (like a curtain being drawn) – Dx?
Retinal detachment
If you look in the eyes and se arteriolar narrowing, copper/silver wiring, and nicking think…?
Hypertensive retinopathy
IF you see microaneurysms and retinal hemorrhages on eye exams think…?
Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
If you see neovascularization on eye exam think…?
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
How to treat otitis media?
Amoxicillin
Augmentin or Bactrim for resistance
If PCN allergy give cephalosporin or macrolide
Causes of otitis media?
strep pneumonia, H flu, Moraxella, and strep pyogenes
How do you diagnose vertigo? How do you tx it?
Dx with dix-hallpike
Tx with Epley
If a patient has vertigo, tinnitius, and low range hearing loss – dx? Tx?
Meniere’s disease
Tx with low-sodium diet & diuretics
If a patient has dizziness, tinnitus, and unilateral Sensorineural hearing loss – dx?
Acoustic neuroma (schwann cell benign tumor)
No sound in one ear on the weber test indicates?
Sensorineural hearing loss
What’s the CENTOR criteria?
Fever
tender anterior LAD
tonsillar swelling/exudate
absence of cough
How do we treat acute pharyngitis?
Oral PCN
Erythromycin or macrolide for PCN allergy
How do we treat sinusitis?
Augmentin
PCN allergy = Doxy
if someone has a hx of nasal polyps can you give then ASA?
nope
can cause bronchospasms = Samter triad
Cause of epiglottitis? Dx? Tx?
Cause is Haemophilus influenza
Dx with thumb sign
Tx with IC cefuroximine (of Bactrim + steroids)
Stages of pertussis?
Catarrahal – most infectious (7-10 days)
Paroxysmal – whoop (2-6 weeks)
Convalescent (weeks to months)
