ENT Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are some symptoms characteristic of bacterial tonsillitis and viral tonsillitis?
Bacterial:
Exudate,
Swollen lymph glands
Viral:
cough,
other aches and pains
What is the main organism responsible for bacterial tonsillitis?
Group A haemolytic strep. (strep throat)
What are the most common viral causes of tonsillitis?
Rhinovirus,
Influenza,
Adenovirus
EBV
If tonsillitis has failed to recover on its own, what abx would you prescribe?
Phenoxymethylpenecillin- if pt is no better after 2-3 days
Under what conditions would you give abx for tonsillitis immediately?
If >3 of following: Tonsillar exudate, Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, history of fever, absence of cough.
Also give if pt is systemically very unwell
What is the main cause of Glandular fever (infective mononucleosis)?
Epstein-Barr Virus
What is the alternative name for a peri-tonsillar abscess>
Quinsy
What condition is characterised by:
Increasing sore throat with difficulty swallowing,
Painful swallowing (odynophagia),
A hot potato voice,
Quinsy
What is the difference between supra-glottitis and epi-glottitis?
Supra-glottitis is in adults,
Epi-glottitis is in children
What are the symptoms of acute epiglottitis?
Very sore throat and painful and difficult swallowing,
fast and noisy breathing.
Must have URGENT ENT assessment as airways at risk
What is the main cause of epiglottitis?
Bacteria: haemophilus influenza B. (Hib).
Less common because of the vaccinations.
What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?
Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical
Which gland does the facial nerve pass through before it splits into 5 branches innervating the muscles of facial expression?
Parotid gland
What is the name of the duct that opens into the mouth from the parotid gland? Where abouts in the mouth does it open?
Stensen’s duct (/parotid duct)
The duct pierces the buccinator muscle and opens in the cheek
What is the name of the duct that opens into the mouth from the submandibular gland?
Where in the mouth does it open?
Wharton’s duct.
Either side of the frenulum
What is the innervation to the parotid gland?
Parasympathtic from the CN9 glossopharyngeal nerve via the auriculotemporal branch.
What is the innervation to the submandibular gland?
Parasympathetic from CN7 facial nerve branch chorda tympani with mandibular nerve (CNViii).
Which salivary gland is most likely to form a stone?
Submandibular: as saliva is thicker. More painful on eating when saliva is secreted.
What is the medical term for a salivary gland stone?
Silolithiasis
What is the medical term for the infection of a salivary gland? What are the symptoms?
Sialadenitis..
Pain,
Swelling,
Redness,
Tenderness
What is Sjogren’s syndrome?
An autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the glands and destruction of acinar and ductal cells- causing dry eyes and mouth
The majority of salivary gland tumours are benign, What is the most common type of tumour?
Pleomorphic adenoma
What is the commonest malignancy in salivary glands?
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
May get facial palsy with this.
Also adenoid cystic carcinoma and acinic cell carcinomas are common
Define neuropraxia
Temporary loss of motor and sensory function due to blockage of nerve conduction.
E.g. after a severe injury- the nerve remains in place but doesn’t transmit impulses for a while. May feel numb/tingly
