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A4-Pediatric EM > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What is the most common precipitating event for an ear infection in kids?

A

Recent URI

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2
Q

What are the three most common bacteria that cause AOM?

A
  1. Strep pneumonia
  2. H. flu
  3. Moraxella catarrhalis
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3
Q

What, generally, is otitis media with effusion?

A

OME is a condition involving asymptomatic middle ear effusion without acute signs of infection.

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4
Q

What is the prevalence of OEM, and what is the treatment?

A
  • almost all kids get it by 5 years

- No treatment needed

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5
Q

What are the two most common causes of otitis externa?

A
  • Pseudomonas

- Staph

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6
Q

What are the two major diagnostic criteria for AOM?

A
  1. Moderate-severe bulging of TM with otorrhea

2. Mild bulging of TM + acute onset of otalgia or erythema

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7
Q

Which has a mobile TM: AOM or OE?

A

OE

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8
Q

What is the treatment for AOM? (drug, dose, frequency, duration)

A

High dose amoxicillin (80-90 mg/kg/day) in 2 doses for 10 days

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9
Q

What virus is the most common cause of URIs?

A

Rhinovirus

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10
Q

Why are neonates in particular at risk for respiratory compromise?

A

Obligate nasal breathers

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11
Q

What three major areas should be assessed in the neonate when evaluation a URI?

A
  • Heart + circulation
  • Lungs
  • Hydration status
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12
Q

What is the virus that causes bronchiolitis in children?

A

RSV

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13
Q

What is the virus that causes croup in children?

A

parainfluenza virus

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14
Q

What virus causes conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus

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15
Q

What is the average number of infections a child will have in a year?

A

6-8, but some may have 12

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16
Q

What are two pathogens that cause URIs that warrant testing for?

A

Bordetella

Strep

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17
Q

After how many days are abx prescribed for sinusitis?

A

14 days

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18
Q

What is rhinitis medicamentosa?

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A

Rebound nasal congestion from overuse of OTC nasal decongestants

19
Q

What is the role of antihistamines in the treatment of a URI?

20
Q

What is the role of honey in treating URI in children?

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A

May be helpful if over 1 year (avoid botulinum)

21
Q

What is the role of antitussive agents in the treatment of URIs in kids (e.g. codeine, dextromethorphan, etc)

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A

Not effective

22
Q

Over what age can decongestants be used?

23
Q

What is the treatment for congestion and rhinorrhea?

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A

Saline nasal spray

24
Q

How many consecutive days can OTC nasal decongestants be used?

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A

No more than 3 days

25
What is the effectiveness of vit c and echinacea in the treatment of URIs?
No effect
26
What are the classic s/sx of a retropharyngeal abscess?
Neck stiffness and pain with extension
27
What is Lemierre syndrome?
Septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein
28
What is the virus that causes hand-foot-mouth disease?
Coxsackie virus
29
What vital sign abnormalities are never seen with simple URIs? (3)
- Hypotension - Hypoxemia - Significant tachycardia
30
Stridor in a child is always concerning for what?
FB aspiration
31
Drooling in a child is always concerning for what?
Epiglottitis | FB
32
What is the classic triad of measles?
Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis
33
IS infectious pharyngitis usually acute of subacute in onset?
Acute
34
A sore throat lasting longer than how many days deserves a more thorough evaluation?
7 days
35
Unilateral throat pain suggests what sort of etiology? (3)
- FB - Retropharyngeal abscess - Lemierre syndrome
36
Why ask about recent dental work with a sore throat?
Dental abscess
37
What sort of etiology of a sore throat should be entertained with trismus?
Peritonsillar abscess
38
Floor of the mouth infection = ?
Ludwig's angina
39
Palatal petechiae are found in what etiologies of sore throat?
Strep | Mono
40
What are the skin findings of scarlet fever, besides the sandpaper rash?
-Perioral pallor -Pastia's line (hyperpigmentation in folds) -
41
What is the role of a CBC with differential in the evaluation of sore throat?
Little benefit
42
What is the sensitivity of the monospot test?
85%, but worse early in the illness
43
What is the follow up indications for sore throat?
If not improving within 48 hours, return

A4-Pediatric EM (2 decks)

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