ENT

Question 1

What lines the nose?

Answer 1

Resp epithelium

Question 2

What lines the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 2

Olfactory epithelium

Question 3

What is the role of the nasal turbinate?

Answer 3

Heat up and moisten air

Question 4

What is Kiesselbach’s area?

Answer 4

Area where the arteries of the nose anastamose

Question 5

What drains into the superior meatus?

Answer 5

Posterior ethmoid air cells

Question 6

What drains into the middle meatus?

Answer 6

Frontal and maxillary sinus

Anterior and middle air cells

Question 7

What drains into the inferior meatus?

Answer 7

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 8

How does a septal haematoma present?

Answer 8

Bruising
Swelling
Tenderness
Deviation
Epstaxis

Question 9

How is mild epistaxis managed?

Answer 9

Lean forward

External compression

Question 10

How is moderate epistaxis treated?

Answer 10

Silver nitrate cautery

Question 11

How is severe epistaxis treated?

Answer 11

Topical vasoconstrictors
Rhino packs
Arterial ligation

Question 12

How does sinusitis present?

Answer 12

Purulent nasal discharge
Nasal obstruction
Facial pain

Question 13

How long does viral sinusitis last?

Answer 13

<10 days

Question 14

How is acute viral sinusitis treated?

Answer 14

Analgesia
Decongestants
intranasal corticosteroids
Mucolytics

Question 15

How is acute bacterial sinusitis treated?

Answer 15

Penicillin or doxy

Question 16

How is chronic sinusitis managed?

Answer 16

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Question 17

How is chronic sinusitis investigated?

Answer 17

Anterior rhinoscopy

Question 18

What rheumatology condition are polyps a/w?

Answer 18

EGPA

Question 19

How do nasal papillomas present?

Answer 19

Anosamia
Bleeding
Irritation
Occlusion

Question 20

What is the most common cancer in the nose?

Answer 20

SCC

Question 21

What is the centor criteria for bacterial tonsillitis?

Answer 21

Tonsillar exudate
Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
Fever
Absence of cough

Question 22

How is tonsillitis treated?

Answer 22

Viral - supportive

Bacterial - Penicillin

Question 23

Which viruses cause tonsillitis?

Answer 23

Rhinovirus

Adenovirus

Question 24

What causes Scarlett Fever?

Answer 24

GABHS

Question 25

How does Scarlet fever present?

Answer 25

``` Maculopapular rash Flushed cheeks Sore throat Fever Lymphadenopathy Strawberry tongue ```

Question 26

How is Scarlet Fever managed?

Answer 26

Penicillin

Question 27

How does epiglottitis present?

Answer 27

``` Sore throat Dysphagia Acute stress Fever Difficulty breathing Stridor ```

Question 28

How is epiglottitis managed?

Answer 28

Secure airway IV ceftriaxone Senior help

Question 29

How does acute otitis media present?

Answer 29

``` Fullness Bulginess Pulling on ear Otalgia Fever ```

Question 30

How is otitis media investigated?

Answer 30

Otoscopy | Audiometry

Question 31

How is otitis media treated?

Answer 31

Should resolve in a week | Amoxicillin

Question 32

How does glue ear look on otoscopy?

Answer 32

Fluid line present Poor schooling Behavioural issues Speech delay

Question 33

How is glue ear investigated?

Answer 33

Audiometry | Tympanometry

Question 34

How is glue ear managed?

Answer 34

Most resolve in 3m Grommet Adenoidectomy

Question 35

What is the medical term for glue ear?

Answer 35

Otitis media with effusion

Question 36

How does cholesteatoma present?

Answer 36

Hearing loss Discharge Tinnitus

Question 37

How is cholesteatoma investigated?

Answer 37

Diffusion weighted MRI

Question 38

How is cholesteatoma managed?

Answer 38

Surgery

Question 39

What is cholesteatoma?

Answer 39

Collection of keratin in the middle ear?

Question 40

How does otosclerosis present?

Answer 40

Gradual onset conduction hearing loss

Question 41

How is otosclerosis managed?

Answer 41

Stapedectomy

Question 42

Bilateral acoustic neuroma in a young patient suggests what?

Answer 42

NF2

Question 43

How does acoustic neuroma present?

Answer 43

Hearing loss Tinnitus Imbalance Absent corneal reflex

Question 44

How is acoustic neuroma investigated?

Answer 44

MRI

Question 45

What is presbycusis?

Answer 45

Age related hearing loss