ENT Flashcards
(28 cards)
What do turbinates normally look like?
pink, nonerythematous, no rhinnorhea
What structures do you examine in a patient’s mouth?
lip, mucosa, tounge, labial frenulum, lingual frenulum, gingiva, sublingual ducts, hard and soft palate
What is “cobblestoning”?
lymph tissue patches that swell due to PND or allergic rhinitis and GERD
What is torus palatinus?
bony growth, genetic, no surgery necessary
What structures do we look for on the external ear?
helix, antihelix, tragus, lobule; check for tenderness, drainage, redness
What is the whisper test?
softly whisper into each ear, ask patient to repeat
What is pneumatic otoscopy?
Use puffer to test for TM movement
What does the TM normally look like?
look at bony processes, cone of light, no bulging TM or erythema
What does strep throat look like?
uvulitis, enlarged tonsils, prepalatine peticheae
What is pharyngitis?
inflammation of pharynx with resulting sore throat; sx include conjunctivitis, malaise, hoarseness, low-grade fever
Why is nausea associated with strep?
HOMUNCULUS!
What is the centor score?
Treat pharyngitis with abx, look for cough, swollen and tender nodes, high temp, tonsillar exudates, age
What labs do we consider do differentiate types of pharyngitis?
Rapid ag detection test, throat culture, monospot test
What is suppurative OM?
acute OM with purulent material in middle ear
What is OM with effusion?
inflammation and fluid buildup in middle ear without infection
What is otitis external?
caused by bacteria entering a break in skin of canal, drainage from ear
What is otosclerosis?
Abnormal bone growth around stapes bone, associated with hearing loss, can be conductive and sensory
What is the weber test?
tests for lateralization using 512 Hz, conductive loss in same ear or sensorineural loss in opposite ear
What is the Rinne Test?
tests bone conduction
What is sinusitis?
Mucosal lining in paranasal sinuses and inflammation of nasal cavity, present with nasal discharge, cough, sneezing, nasal congestion, fever, headache, pain
What is croup?
swelling of larynx, trachea, bronchi causing stridor and barking cough, caused by influenza, will subside
What is epiglottitis?
inflammation of epiglottis and adjacent structures, caused by strep and influenza, this is a medical emergency
How do you examine adult ears?
pull up, out and posterior
How do you examine kids’ ears?
pull down, out and posterior
