ENT For SLT

Question 1

What is the external anatomy of the nose? 10 points.

Answer 1

1. Root
2. Dorsum
   3, supra tip
3. Tip
4. Columella
5. Alar crease
6. Naso-labial fold
7. Philtrum
8. Nares
9. Alar Margin

Question 2

What is the margin of the nasal cavity

Answer 2

Conchae

Question 3

What are the contents of the internal anatomy of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

Septum
Turbinates
Meati

Question 4

What are the five areas of the septum?

Answer 4

1. Quadrangular cartilage
2. maxillary crest
3. Vomer
4. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
5. Nasal bones

Question 5

What are the three turbinates?

Answer 5

Inferior
Middle
Superior

Question 6

What are the three meati?

Answer 6

Inferior ( NLD)
Middle (m, F, AE)
Spheno-ethmoidal recess ( PE, S)

Question 7

What are the sinuses?

Answer 7

Maxillary
Ethmoid
Frontal
Sphenoid

Question 8

What are the contents of the maxillary sinus?

Answer 8

Orbit

Oral cavity

Question 9

What are the contents of the ethmoid sinus?

Answer 9

Orbit

Cribiform plate

Question 10

What are the contents of the frontal sinus?

Answer 10

Orbit, ant fossa

Question 11

What are the contents of the sphenoid sinus?

Answer 11

Pituitary, optic nerve

Question 12

What is in the surface lining of the nose?

Answer 12

Respiratory epithelium
Mucoperiosteum
Mucoperichondrium

Question 13

What is mucoperiosteum?

Answer 13

Bone

Question 14

What is mucoperichondrium ?

Answer 14

Cartilage

Question 15

Where does the nasopharynx begin and end?

Answer 15

Start- posterior choana

End- soft palate

Question 16

What are the contents of the nasopharynx

Answer 16

Adenoids

Eustachian tube meatus

Question 17

How to you inspect the external nose?

Answer 17

All angles, anterior rhinoscopy

Question 18

How to you inspect the internal nose?

Answer 18

Rigid/ flexible nasendoscopy

Question 19

What things cause nasal obstruction?

Answer 19

Foreign body 
Mucosal congestion 
Polyps 
Infection 
Deviated nasal septum 
Tumour 
Nasopharyngeal obstruction such as adenoids

Question 20

What are the functions of the nose?

Answer 20

Airway 
Warming 
Humidification 
Filtering 
Smell/taste 
Resonance

Question 21

What is anosmia?

Answer 21

No smell

Question 22

What is ageusia?

Answer 22

No taste

Question 23

What is hyposmia?

Answer 23

Reduced smell

Question 24

What is hypogeusia?

Answer 24

Reduced taste

Question 25

What is nasal allergen?

Answer 25

An inhaled substance causing an allergy

Question 26

What is hypersensitivity?

Answer 26

Undesirable !!reactions!! produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. Ma be damaging, uncomfortable or occasionally fatal.

Question 27

What is an allergy?

Answer 27

A misguided reaction to foreign substances by the immune system

Question 28

What are the signs of allergy?

Answer 28

``` Nasal congestion Rhinnorhea Sneezing Watery eyes Seasonal Trigger factor Assoc' Asthma ```

Question 29

How many types of allergy are there?

Answer 29

4

Question 30

What are the treatments for allergy?

Answer 30

Antihistamines Topical steroid Short term decongestants ( no more than 1 week)

Question 31

What is epistaxis?

Answer 31

A nose bleed

Question 32

What are the causes for epistaxis?

Answer 32

Trauma Spontaneous Blood thinners

Question 33

Why does the nose bleed?

Answer 33

Branches from both internal and external cartoid arteries supply the nose Usually ' littles area' at the front of the nasal septum.

Question 34

Treatment of epistaxis?

Answer 34

Tilt head forward hold nose Ice pack Stop blood thinners Vasoconstriction

Question 35

Approximately how many people have a cleft palate?

Answer 35

1 in 500

Question 36

What problems are caused from a cleft palate?

Answer 36

``` Aspiration Airway Regurgitation Growth Breast feeding ```