Entamoeba

Question 1

What is Giardia lamblia?

Answer 1

Flagellated protozoan parasite that colonizes and reproduces in the small intestine

Causes Giardiasis and attaches to the epithelium by a ventral adhesive disc.

Question 2

How does Giardia lamblia reproduce?

Answer 2

Binary fission

Question 3

Where is Giardia lamblia primarily found in the human body?

Answer 3

Confined to lumen of small intestine

Question 4

Is Giardia lamblia systemic?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What type of organism is Chilomastix mesnili?

Answer 5

Harmless commensal of cecum and colon in man

Question 6

What does Chilomastix mesnili feed on?

Answer 6

Bacteria and food debris

Question 7

Is Chilomastix mesnili pathogenic?

Answer 7

No, it is non-pathogenic

Question 8

What is the significance of Enteromonas hominis?

Answer 8

Non-pathogenic organism located in the intestine

Question 9

Who first observed Dientamoeba fragilis in stool?

Answer 9

Wenyon and O’Connor

Question 10

What is the primary mode of transmission for Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 10

Largely sexually transmitted

Question 11

What is the infective form of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 11

Cyst

Question 12

What is the diagnostic stage of Giardia lamblia infection?

Answer 12

Cyst and Trophozoite

Question 13

What is the size range of Giardia lamblia cysts?

Answer 13

8-17μm x 6-10 μm

Question 14

What characteristics define the cyst morphology of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 14

Oval shape, 4 nuclei, thick cyst wall, resistant to environmental stress

Question 15

What is the infective stage of Dientamoeba fragilis?

Answer 15

No cyst; only trophozoite

Question 16

How does Trichomonas vaginalis reproduce?

Answer 16

Binary fission

Question 17

What are the clinical symptoms of Giardia lamblia infection?

Answer 17

Malabsorption syndrome, mucus diarrhea, dull epigastric pain, flatulence

Question 18

What is the incubation period for Giardia lamblia infection?

Answer 18

~2 weeks

Question 19

What are some common diagnostic methods for Giardia lamblia?

Answer 19

• Direct microscopic examination of feces
• Permanent staining of stool sample
• Nucleic acid agglutination tests (NAATs)

Question 20

What is the primary treatment for Giardia lamblia infection?

Answer 20

Metronidazole

Question 21

What is the main reservoir host for Dientamoeba fragilis?

Answer 21

Cats

Question 22

What are common symptoms of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in females?

Answer 22

Fishy odor with yellow to green vaginal discharge

Question 23

What type of organism is Pentatrichomonas hominis?

Answer 23

Non-pathogenic gut commensal organism

Question 24

How is Trichomonas transmitted?

Answer 24

Through saliva, droplet spray, kissing, or contaminated dishes

Question 25

What is the role of Dientamoeba fragilis in gastrointestinal health?

Answer 25

Associated with childhood dysentery and gastrointestinal cancer

Question 26

What is the main symptom of infection with Trichomonas tenax?

Answer 26

Usually asymptomatic

Question 27

What is the common name for Giardia lamblia infection?

Answer 27

Giardiasis

Question 28

What is a common diagnostic challenge when identifying trophozoites in stool?

Answer 28

Trophozoites are easily overlooked or misidentified due to pale staining

Question 29

What are the clinical consequences of Trichomonas vaginalis infection?

Answer 29

Primarily affects females; can lead to vaginitis

Question 30

What is a significant epidemiological fact regarding Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 30

>170 million infections in women annually

Question 31

What is the size range of trophozoites of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 31

5-20μm (length) x 5-10μm (breadth)

Question 32

What characteristic is used to identify the trophozoite of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 32

Exhibits a 'Smiley face' pattern when split and stained