ENTERIC PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS

Question 1

Giardiasis also known as?

Answer 1

Giardosis, Lambliasis, Lambliosis

Question 2

is a chronic, intestinal protozoal infection seen worldwide in most domestic and wild mammals, many birds, and people

Answer 2

Giardiasis

Question 3

Infection is common in dogs, cats, ruminants, and pigs, with higher rates of infection in younger animals.

Answer 3

Giardiasis

Question 4

Giardiasis is common in these animals (ENUMERATE), with higher rates of infection in younger animals.

Answer 4

dogs, cats, ruminants, and pigs

Question 5

Causative agent of Giardiasis

Answer 5

Giardia doudenalis (also known as Giardia intestinalis or G. lamblia).

Question 6

Giardia doudenalis is a species complex with how many assemblages (A to G)

Answer 6

seven (A to G)

Question 7

Giardia doudenalis is a species complex with how many assemblages (A to G), some with specific host preferences; Assemblage _____ and D in dogs, assemblage _____ in cats, etc.

Answer 7

C
F

Question 8

These 2 Giardia duodenalis assemblages are known to infect both humans and animals

Answer 8

A and B

Question 9

Giardia is transmitted through?

Answer 9

fecal-oral route

Question 10

infective stage of Giardia

Answer 10

cyst

Question 11

Stage of Giardia attach to the intestinal mucosa, causing various pathological changes

Answer 11

trophozoites

Question 12

Giardia trophozoites attach to the intestinal mucosa, causing various pathological changes (ENUMERATE)

Answer 12

increased epithelial permeability, T-cell activation, and shortening of brush border microvilli

Question 13

This disease can be asymptomatic or it can manifest as weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and steatorrhea (fatty stool).
Symptoms are often intermittent, particularly in young animals.
Other clinical signs may include soft, poorly formed feces, mucus, and foul odor. Watery diarrhea and blood in feces are less common

Answer 13

Giardiasis

Question 14

If Giardiasis is suspected, the following tests can provide further confirmation.

Answer 14

IFA & ELISA

Question 15

effectively removes Giardia cysts from the feces of dogs; no adverse effects are reported, and it is safe for pregnant and lactating animals

Answer 15

Fenbendazole

Question 16

A combination of the following drugs also effectively decreases cyst excretion in Giardia-infected dogs when administered for 3 days.

Answer 16

praziquantel, pyrantel, febantel

Question 17

is effective but has safety concerns and is not approved for use for Giardiasis

Answer 17

Albendazole

Question 18

Cystoisosporiasis also known as?

Answer 18

Coccidiosis

Question 19

The causative agent of Cystoisosporiasis belongs to what family?

Answer 19

coccidian family

Question 20

Causative agent of Cystoisosporiasis

Answer 20

Cystoisospora spp.

• Cystoisospora canis
• Cystoisospora ohioensis
• Cystoisospora neorivolta
• Cystoisospora burrowsi

Question 21

Cystoisosporiasis are particularly prevalent in puppies, especially those under what age?

Answer 21

4 months of age

Question 22

the infectious stage of the Cystoisospora spp.

Answer 22

Sporulated oocysts

Question 23

Cystoisospora spp. undergoes development in this organ of the dog, resulting in the production of unsporulated oocysts that are shed in the feces.

Answer 23

small intestine

Question 24

The prepatent period of Cystoisospora spp (time between infection and oocyst shedding) varies depending on the species, ranging from how many day?

Answer 24

6 to 11 days

Question 25

is primarily a disease of young dogs, especially those with compromised immune systems. Clinical signs often include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, inappetence, and lethargy. Severe dehydration and death can occur in severe cases.

Answer 25

Cystoisosporiasis

Question 26

- Clinically ill puppies and kittens can show signs of vomiting, abdominal discomfort, inappetence, and watery diarrhea that sometimes contains blood. - Depending on the age of the animal and the parasite burden, severe dehydration and death can occur. - Emaciation and intestinal abnormalities (hyperemia, edema, thickening) may be observed in clinically ill dogs.

Answer 26

Cystoisosporiasis

Question 27

A coccidiocidal drug that has been used extensively for the treatment of cystoisosporiasis in dogs.

Answer 27

Ponazuril

Question 28

Another effective coccidiocidal drug available in combination with emodepside for treating both cystoisosporiasis and roundworm infections in puppies.

Answer 28

Toltrazuril

Question 29

The only approved drug for the treatment of coccidiosis like Cystoisosporiasis in the United States.

Answer 29

Sulfadimethoxine

Question 30

A commonly used alternative treatment regimen for Cystoisosporiasis

Answer 30

Trimethoprim-sulfa

Question 31

A drug that can be used alone or in combination with sulfadimethoxine but has only static effects for Cystoisosporiasis

Answer 31

Amprolium

Question 32

What infection is associated with yellow color feces, no blood except if there is a secondary bacterial infection, affects the small intestine (duodenum)?

Answer 32

Giardiasis

Question 33

Color of dog's feces with Giardiasis

Answer 33

yellow color feces