Enterobacteriaceae

Question 1

Escherichia

Answer 1

Indole: +
MR: +
VP: -
Citrate: -
TSI: A/AG
Urease: -
Lactose: F
Decarboxylase: L+
MUG: +
ONPG:

Question 2

Klebsiella

Answer 2

Indole: -
MR: -
VP: +
Citrate: +
TSI:A/AG
Urease: +
Lactose: F
Decarboxylase: L+,O-
MUG:+
ONPG: +

Question 3

Citrobacter

Answer 3

Indole: -/+
MR: +
VP: -
Citrate: +
TSI: A/AG +H2S
Urease: V
Lactose: F
Decarboxylase: L-,O-
MUG:
ONPG:

Question 4

Serratia

Answer 4

Indole: -
MR: v
VP: v
Citrate: +
TSI: A/A(+/-G)
Urease: +
Lactose:F
Decarboxylase:
MUG:
ONPG:

Question 5

Enterobacter

Answer 5

Indole: -
MR: -
VP: +
Citrate: +
TSI: A/A (+/-G)
Urease: -
Lactose: F
Decarboxylase: TN
MUG:
ONPG:

Question 6

Pantoea

Answer 6

Lactose: F

Question 7

Salmonella

Answer 7

Indole: -
MR: +
VP: -
Citrate: -
TSI: K/AG + H2S
Urease: -
Lactose: NF
Decarboxylase: L+
MUG: -
ONPG: -

Question 8

Shigella

Answer 8

Indole: v
MR: +
VP: -
Citrate: -
TSI: K/A
Urease: -
Lactose: NF
Decarboxylase: L- (O+S, S. sonnie)
MUG:
ONPG: (S. sonnie +)

Question 9

Proteus

Answer 9

Indole: P. vulgaris (+), P. mirabilis (-)
MR: +
VP: -
Citrate: (-,v) and (+,v)
TSI: K/A + H2S
Urease: +strong
Lactose: NF
Decarboxylase: O+ (P.miabilis)
MUG:
ONPG:

Question 10

Morganella

Answer 10

Indole: +
MR: +
VP: -
Citrate: -
TSI: K/AG
Urease: +
Lactose: NF
Decarboxylase:
MUG:
ONPG:

Question 11

Providencia

Answer 11

Indole: +
MR: -
VP: -
Citrate: +
TSI: K/A (+/-G)
Urease: -
Lactose: NF

Question 12

Yersinia Pestis

Answer 12

Indole: -
MR: +
VP: -
Citrate: -
TSI: K/K
Urease: -
Lactose: NF
Decarboxylase: O-

Question 13

E. coli

Answer 13

-Virulence factors: Endotoxins (LPS – Lipid A + O polysaccharide (surface antigen)), K antigen (polysaccharide capsule), H antigen, Pili, cytotoxin, and enterotoxins
-Opportunistic pathogen (UTI, wound, bacteremia or septicemia, nosocomial infections

Question 14

Klebsiella Disease

Answer 14

-Virulence factors: Nosocomial infections (UTI, bacteremia, septicemia, bronchitis, pneumonia, cardiovascular, wound, ear, nose, and throat infections)
-Chronic granulomatous diseases of upper resp. tract by K. rhinoscleromatis and K. ozaenae, rhinoscleroma, atrophic rhinitis

Question 15

Pantoea and Enterobacter

Answer 15

Nosocomial infections (UTI, blood stream, lower resp., cardio vasc., CNS, wound, ear, nose/throat infections)

Question 16

Citrobacter

Answer 16

-affects hospital patients
-C. freundii: (nosocomial infections - UTI, wound infections, pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis
-C. amalonaticus: UTI, septicemia
-C. koseri: UTIS, septicemia, pneumonia, wound infections, meningitis for children

Question 17

Salmonella

Answer 17

-virulence factors: pili, h antigen, endotoxin, capsular virulence (Vi) antigen
*S. enterica & S. bongori
*In US, S. enterica serotypes typhimurium and
enteritidis
-DISEASE: Salmonellosis (diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps) and Typhoid fever ( bloodstream infections with high fever and headache, death by septic shock)
-Less common: osteomyelitis, UTIs, and septicemia in immunocompromised patients

Question 18

Shigella

Answer 18

-Virulence Factors: Surface proteins (invasion plasmid antigens); shiga toxin & enterotoxins by S. dysenteriae
-similar to E. coli
-Four serogroups: S. dysenteriae (A), S. flexneri (B), S. boydii(C), and S. sonneri (D)
-DISEASE: dysentery
-Shiga toxin causes hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Question 19

Proteus

Answer 19

-Virulence factors: : fimbriae, flagella, outer membrane proteins, LPS, capsule antigen, urease, IgA proteases, hemolysis, amino acid deaminases, swarming growth
-DISEASES: UTI, pneumonia, wound infections, septicemia, meningitis
-P. mirabilis commonly isolated

Question 20

Morganella

Answer 20

-Virulence factors: fimbrial adhesins, LPS, IgA proteases, hemolysis, ureases
-Causes: nosocomial infections, UTIS, resp. tract., genitourinary tract, wound infections, septicemia, diarrhea, meningitis

Question 21

Providencia

Answer 21

-Virulence Factors: motility, adherence, invasion
-DISEASE: cause infections in debilitated patients, UTI pneumonia, postoperative wounds, burn wounds, septicemia, meningitis

Question 22

Yersinia

Answer 22

-Virulence factors: adhesins, F-1 antigen (capsular antigen), coagulase, fibrinolysis.
-Y. enterocolitica produces enterotoxin
-DISEASE:
*enterocolitis (bloody diarrhea) and mesenteric adenitis, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, polyarthritis, septicemia, wound infections, meningitis
*Y. pestis: plague (black death): pneumonic plague, bubonic plague, septicemic plague
*Y. pseudotuberculosis: rarely infects humans, localized GI infections, scarlet fever-like disease, with high fever, arthritis, and rash. Endotoxemia sometimes occurs.

Question 23

Serratia

Answer 23

-Virulence Factors: : Biofilm formation, proteases, flagella, pili, fimbriae, LPS, etc
-DISEASE: Nosocomial infections UTIs, respiratory tract, eye, postoperative wound infections, otitis externa, septicemia, endocarditis, arthritis, osteomyelitis, and meningitis, most
common is S. marcescens

Question 24

What is common among all Enterobacteriaceae?

Answer 24

Almost all Catalase and Nitrate positive, and Oxidase negative