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Microbiology > Enterobacteriaceae > Flashcards

Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards

1
Q

What organisms are part of the enterobacteriaceae family?

A

E.coli, shigella, salmonella, & yersinia pestis

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2
Q

Why are they referred to enterics?

A

Because they are found in the GI tract of humans & animals

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3
Q

T/F E.coli is part of the Enterobacteriaceae family?

A

True

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4
Q

Name the characteristics of E.coli

A
  • gram negative bacilli
  • oxidase negative
  • ferment glucose to produce acid
  • facultative anaerobes
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5
Q

What are the virulence factors for E.coli?

A

Depends on the strain of E.coli: enterotoxin( type of exotoxin), endotoxin, E .coli O157:H7 (shigella-like toxin)

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6
Q

What is E.coli O157:H7 ?

A

Is a strain of E.coli w/ a shigella like toxin that causes hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) & can lead to kidney failure. It is usually found in cattle

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7
Q

What is the reservoir for E.coli?

A

Humans or animals ( it’s part of the normal flora in the GI tract)

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8
Q

What is the mode of transmission for E.coli?

A

Vehicle transmission: eating contaminated food

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9
Q

What diseases does E.coli cause?

A
  • HAIs
  • UTIs
  • Sepsis
  • Wound infections
  • Neonatal meningitis
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Enterotoxin causes infantiles & travelers diarrhea
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10
Q

What some test used for E.coli diagnosis ?

A
  • gram stain
  • glucose fermentation test
  • isolation on selective media
  • ELISA
  • DNA
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11
Q

What is the treatment required for E.coli ?

A

Depends on the strain, in most cases of diarrheal diseases no antibiotics are prescribed. They best way to treat is rehydration & electrolytes.

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12
Q

Prevention for E.coli

A

Wash hands, sterile equipment, aseptic techniques etc.

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13
Q

What are the characteristics for Salmonella?

A

Gram negative bacilli, facultative anaerobe, ferment glucose to produce acid, & oxidase negative

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14
Q

What are the virulence factors of Salmonella?

A

Endotoxins —> lead to inflammation & septic shock

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15
Q

What is the reservoir for Salmonella?

A

Poultry (chicken) & reptiles (turtles)

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16
Q

Salmonella is a zoonotic disease meaning?

A

It is spread from animals to people

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17
Q

What diseases does Salmonella cause?

A

Often times causes food borne infections of the GI tract by ingesting contaminated food

18
Q

What is the incubation time for Salmonella?

A

12-36 hours, depends of number of Salmonella ingested?

19
Q

Treatment for Salmonella?

A

Oral rehydration, antibiotics will only be necessary for chronic carriers

20
Q

T/F Shigella is more invasive than Salmonella

A

True

21
Q

What are characteristics for Shigella?

A

Gram negative bacilli, facultative anaerobes, ferments glucose—> acid, & oxidase negative

22
Q

Virulence factors for Shigella?

A
  • Endotoxins
  • Ability to attach to villi cells
  • Enterotoxin( a type of exotoxin that affects the GI tract)
  • shigella toxin —> hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) = lead to kidney failure & death
23
Q

Infectious dose of Shigella?

A

200 pretty low compared to Salmonella(10,000)

24
Q

What is the reservoir for Shigella?

A

Humans (found in the GI tract of infected humans)

25
Q

Shigella pathway to infection

A

Ingestion —>invades villus cells —> inflammation response—>extensive tissue destruction—> bloody diarrhea —> mucus secretion

26
Q

What disease does Yersinia pestis cause?

A

Black Death AKA “the plague”

27
Q

What can Yersinia pestis be capable of causing?

A

Death & destruction

28
Q

Do we still have the black plague today?

A

Yes but not as many cases (only 1 case in 2018 in the US)

29
Q

When gram staining how can you distinguish Yersinia pestis?

A

Looks like a safety pin

30
Q

How many forms of the plague is there?

A

Bubonic, pneumonia, & inhalation fever

31
Q

What is the reservoir for Yersinia pestis?

A

Rodents (squirrels)

32
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Yersinia pestis?

A

Transmitted via a biological vector (flea): you can get infected if you get bitten by a flea or if your pets come in contact w/ the fleas & become infected, also if they come in contact w/ the infected animal (squirrel)

33
Q

What type of disease is Yersinia pestis?

A

Zoonotic disease ( transmitted from animal to person)

34
Q

What are the virulence factors of Y. Pestis?

A
  • Coagulase
  • Capsule (prevents phagocytosis)
  • Endotoxin —> part of the gram neg cell wall
35
Q

What is the bubonic plague?

A

When the lymph nodes become infection (swollen b/c they are full of bacteria) & can burst open

36
Q

What is septicemia (systemic) plague?

A

When the infection winds up in the bloodstream —> endotoxin can lead to inflammation & septic shock

37
Q

Describe pneumonia plague

A

Via inhalation for example a person that’s infected can spread through respiratory secretions or droplets to another person

38
Q

Which form of the plague has the highest fatality rate?

A

Pneumonia plague

39
Q

Diagnosis of Y.pestis?

A

Culturing

40
Q

Treatment for Y.pestis?

A

Antibiotics however a person can still die even w/ antibiotic therapy (the sooner it’s treated the better)

41
Q

Prevention for the Black Death?

A

Rodent control & flea control

Microbiology (14 decks)

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