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MicroBio Organisms pt 1 > Enterobacteriaceae > Flashcards

Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards

1
Q

Salmonella morphology

A

Gram Negative Bacillus

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2
Q

Salmonella is a member of family?

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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3
Q

The majore salmonella species

A

Salmonella Enterica

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4
Q

Salmonella strains characterized by

A

“O” and “H” antigens

In the US, groups B and D predominate

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5
Q

Frequent normal flora of poultry, livestock, rodents, reptile?

A

Samonella Spp.

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6
Q

Many bacteria are destroyed by stomach acids, so large quantity of ____ are needed to initiate infection.

A

Salmonella spp

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7
Q

Bacteria invade the intestinal mucous membranes causing an acute inflammatory reaction in the subepithelial tissue

A

Salmonella spp. (acute gastroenteritis)

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8
Q

ii. Symptoms include sudden onset of diarrhea (rarely bloody) and vomiting along with fever about 6 to 48 hours after consumption of contaminated food or water; symptoms persist 2 to 7 daysintestinal mucous membranes causing

A

Salmonella spp. (acute gastroenteritis)

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9
Q

Treatment and Control — Generally no antibiotic treatment, only rehydration and electrolyte replacement. [Ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole are used in infants, elderly, and severely compromised patient.]

A

Salmonella spp. (acute gastroenteritis)

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10
Q

Enteric Fever (Typhoid Fever) caused by?

A

Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi

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11
Q

Bacteria invade epithelial cells of terminal portion of small intestine and then into the lymphoid follicles where they multiply
ii. Bacteria migrate to the blood stream, the fever period begins, and rose spots appear on the skin. Local necrosis can lead to hemorrhage and lesions

A

Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi

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12
Q

In Salmonella Typhi & Paratyphi, • Fever begins ___-___ days after ingestion of bacteria
• Headache, myalgia, malaise persist for about __-__ days
• Gastrointestinal symptoms begin about __-__ days after ingestion of bacteria

A

Fever 10-14

Headache, etc.. 5-10 days

GI symptoms begin 15-20 days after

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13
Q

Enteric Fever (salmonella typhi/paratyphi) sees Localization of bacteria in _____, ____, ____ and sometimes bones

A

gallbladder, spleen, liver

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14
Q

Salmonella Typhi/paratyphi Carrier state (excretion for 3 months) develops in about 5% of patients - _____ is where most bacilli are located in carriers

A

gallbladder

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15
Q

treatment and control of ________ Antibiotics are useful – [Chloramphenicol (14 days), amoxicillin, or ceftriaxone (IV) (5 days), or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole]

A

Salmonella Typhi / Paratyphi

Enteric Fever (typhoid fever)

Vaccine is only moderately effective

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16
Q

Shigella spp. morphology

A

Gram-negative bacillus

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17
Q

Shigella spp. is a member of family ?

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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18
Q

S. dysenteriae – Antigenic group __– Least frequently isolated in the U.S. – causes a more severe form of dysentery than the other species

A

group A

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19
Q

Shigella ______ – Antigenic group B – 25% of Shigella species isolated in the U.S.

A

S. Flexneri

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20
Q

S. boydii – Antigenic group __ – Rare in U.S., only 0.6% of isolates

A

Group C

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21
Q

Shigella _____ – Antigenic group D – Most frequent isolate (74% of isolates)

A

S. Sonnei

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22
Q

Shigellosis or Bacillary Dysentery –enterocolitis syndrome

(1) Incubation: __-__ hours depending on dose of microbes (10-100 bacteria) with symptoms lasting __-__ days

A

Incubation 12-48 hrs

Symptoms 1-3 days

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23
Q

i. Produce Shiga Toxin (AB-type) – disrupts protein synthesis – damages the intestinal epithelium

ii. Neurotoxin and enterotoxin produced by S. dysenteriae type I
iii. Some strains of S. flexneri produce _____

A

Exotoxin of

Shigella or Bacillary Dysentery

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24
Q

Symptoms of _______ include Diarrhea (liquid stools), lesions in the colon producing pus and blood in feces (dysentery), and fever

A

Shigellosis or Bacillary Dysentery

Shigella spp.

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25
Q

Disease progression of __________ is

(a) Organisms attach to & penetrate intestinal mucosal epithelial cells
(b) Bacteria multiply intracellularly causing mucosal epithelial cells to die and slough off with some bleeding
(c) Bacteria release an endotoxin that stimulates fever and an inflammatory response causing local damage (ulcerations, pus, and bleeding)
(d) Exotoxin causes fluid loss (diarrhea)

A

Shigella spp.

26
Q

Treatment and control of _________ is Rehydration and electrolyte replacement; acute/severe illness is usually treated with a third-generation cephalosporin (widespread resistance to others)

A

Shigella spp.

27
Q

Escherichia Coli morphology

A

Gram-negative bacillus

28
Q

E. Coli member of family?

A

Enterobacteriaceae

29
Q

______ – refers to those members that are normal flora of the intestinal tract; primarily Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter

A

Coliform

30
Q 
Etiologic agent of 
UTI
Enterotoxic _ \_\_\_
Enterohemorrhagic _ \_\_\_
Enteroinvasive _ \_\_\_
Shiga-like toxin-producing _ \_\_\_
A

Escherichia Coli

31
Q

causes 75% to 85% of all UTIs; mostly in outpatient females

A

E. Coli

32
Q

Primary Coliforms? (3)

A

Escherichia
Klebsiella
Enterobacter

33
Q

Symptoms: Flank pain, dysuria (painful urination), fever

(b) Route of infection: Bacteria attach to epithelial cells of the urinary tract by means of fimbrae

A

E. Coli

34
Q

Causes “Traveler’s Diarrhea” due to cholera-like toxin – several antigenic types involved

A

Enterotoxic E. coli (ETEC)

35
Q

(a) Bacteria enter small intestines and release heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins (genes on plasmids)
(b) Causes hypersecretion of water and chlorides into the lumen. Also inhibits absorption of sodium

A

Enterotoxic E. Coli (ETEC)

36
Q

Symptoms: Cramps fever, dehydration and mild (to occasionally profusely) watery stools without mucus and blood (8-12 unformed stools per day and may last 4-5 days)

A

Enterotoxic E. Coli (ETEC)

37
Q

Hemorrhagic Colitis?

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC)

38
Q

Invades intestinal epithelium and produces verotoxin (also known as Shiga Toxin, ST), and causes shigella-like symptoms – several antigenic types involved

i. Bacteria invade and multiply inside epithelial cells
ii. Necrosis of epithelial cells

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC)

39
Q

Symptoms: Severe abdominal pain (cramps) and watery diarrhea followed by grossly bloody diarrhea and inflammation; “No fever”

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC)

40
Q

May cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) [hemorrhage of kidney tissue] – about 10% of cases

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC)

41
Q

Primary antigenic types: O157:H7 (about 80% of cases), O104:H4, O145, others

(e) Outbreaks cause thousands of cases of illness and dozens of deaths

(f) Mode of infection
i. Ingestion of contaminated meat or other food products
ii. Source: Cattle, chickens and other animals – carry as fecal flora

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC)

42
Q

(a) Produce Shigella-like toxins (stx1, stx2)
(b) Syndrome is similar to shigellosis with profuse bloody diarrhea, high fever, cramps, vomiting (12-72 hr)
(c) Utilize adhesion proteins to bind to and enter intestinal cells – highly invasive

A

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

Shiga-like Toxin-producing E.coli (STEC)

43
Q

ETEC

A

Enterotoxic E. Coli

44
Q

Heat-liable

Heat stable

abbreviations?

A

LT - heat liable

ST heat stable

45
Q

EHEC

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli

46
Q

EIEC

A

Enteroinvasive E. coli

47
Q

STEC

A

Shiga-like Toxin-producing E.coli

48
Q

EPEC

A

Enteropathogenic E.coli

49
Q

EAEC

A

Enteroaggregative E.coli

50
Q

Found in the environment and animals. Transmitted in contaminated pork, milk, water, tofu.

A

Yerisina Enterocolitica

51
Q

Etiologic agent of sporadic mild gastroenteritis with bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and low fever.

A

Yersinia Enterocolitica

52
Q

(1) Invasive and necrotic to intestinal lining
(2) Invades Peyer’s patches and disseminates to liver and spleen.
(3) Usually self-limiting; sometimes leads to chronic inflammatory diseases
(4) May shed in stool for 90 days after symptoms

A

Yersinia Enterocolitica

53
Q

Yersinia Pestis morphology

A

Gram-negative Bacillus

54
Q

Biological threat agent0F1 – BSAT (Biological Select Agents and Toxins) - refers to intentional use by terrorist or military.

A

Yersinia Pestis

55
Q

Etiologic agent of Bubonic & Pneumonic Plague

A

Yersinia Pestis

56
Q

Has these virulence factors:

  1. Antiphagocytic
  2. Plasminogen activator protease
  3. Adherence factors
  4. Intense inflammatory reaction; septicemia
  5. Necrotic factors-black death
A

Yersinia Pestis

57
Q

Transmitted by fleas or direct contact with tissues of infected animals or oral droplets coughed up during pneumonia

A

Yersinia Pestis

58
Q

Bacteremia and UTI, especially in burn patients

A

Enterobacter spp.

59
Q

UTI, wound infections

A

Proteus spp.

60
Q

Burn-wound, UTI

A

Providencia Spp.

61
Q

Diarrhea & occasional dysentery, especially after ingesting raw seafood; Occasional complications include invasive cellulitis, bacteremia, peritonitis, meningoencephalitis.

A

Plesiomonas Shigelloides

MicroBio Organisms pt 1 (4 decks)

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