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Enterococcus Flashcards

(12 cards)

1
Q

What is enterococcus?

A

Formally Group D Streptococcus
Enteric Bacteria
Inherently resistant to many abx

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2
Q

What are the important species of enterococci?

A

E.Faecalis

E.Faecium

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of Enterococcus?

A

Gram positive Cocci in short pairs or chains
Alpha, Beta, or gamma hemolytic
PYR Positive
Bile Resistant

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4
Q

What do enterococcal infections cause?

A

UTI
Endocarditis
Biliary Tree Infection
2nd most common nosocomial pathogen

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5
Q

What are the virulence factors for enterococcus?

A

Colonization Factors: Aggregation and carb adhesins

Secreted Factors: Cytolysin, pheromone, gelatinase

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6
Q

How is enterococcus transfmitted?

A

Originates in pt’s bowel flora -> we are the carriers

Contaminated food/water

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7
Q

What is VRE

A
Vancomycin REsistant Enterococci: 
Due to Van A, B C genes
A: Plasmid
B: chromosomal
C: intrinsic/chromosomal
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8
Q

How are enterococcal infections treated?

A

Tx: Linezolid, Tigecycline

Systemic Infections: Ampicillin + Aminoglycoside (synergy)
E.Faecalis: susceptible to pen/amp
E.Faecium: resistant to pen/amp

VRE: Linezolid

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9
Q

What abx are enterococci inherently resistant to?

A

Cephalosporins
Trimethoprim-sulfa
Aminoglycosides

Dont even test them for these

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10
Q

An organism is isolated from the blood of a 65 year-old male
patient with a diagnosis of probable bacterial endocarditis.
The organism displays streptococcus-like morphology on
gram stain and is catalase-negative. On blood agar the
colonies appear gamma hemolytic and are PYR positive.
Patient was being treated with vancomycin plus an
aminoglycoside with no response. This isolate is likely to be:
A. Streptococcus pyogenes
B. An Enterococcus species
C. Group B Streptococcus
D. A member of the “Streptococcus milleri” group
E. A Staphylococcus species

A

B

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11
Q

Which species of enterococci is more pathogenic?

A

E.Faecium

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12
Q

Which species of enterococci is more prevalent?

A

E.Faecalis

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