Enteroviruses Flashcards

Question

What is positive sense and negative sense DNA/RNA?

Answer 1

mRNA is the + sense configuration Complement is the negative sense.

Answer 2

Soluble and transmembrane isoforms of PVR can be found in tissues that are susceptible to polio infections such as organs of gastrointestinal tract and nervous tissue. Also in tissues not associated with polio such as kidney, lungs, liver, and testes.

Answer 3

1) Poliovirus binds to PVR at the cell surface which may be facilitated by LPS to enter the target cell. 2) The poliovirus positive single stranded RNA genome is translated by host cellular machinery to produce a large poly protein. 3) The poly protein is then autoclaved into distinct viral proteins that 4) induce cytoplasmic delocalization of nuclear proteins and the formation of membraneous structures with distinct lipid and protein compositions. 6) These events then allow the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase to replicate its genome and progeny virions to form.

Answer 4

99% of poliovirus infections are mild or asymptomatic. Only 1% of poliovirus infections are associated with paralysis. Reversion of attenuated vaccine may lead to vaccine associated paralysis.

Answer 5

Polio continues to be endemic in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria Only 74 reported cases of paralytic polio in 2015.

Answer 6

1.4 million cases

Answer 7

5-8 days: fever, vomiting, headache, sore throat sometimes a fine tremor Muscle pain (usually 10-29 days); flaccid paralysis (selected muscle groups) Disease can take up to 5 weeks to manifest paralysis 99% of cases never get to paralysis stage (some may be completely inapparent) 2-5% children die 10-30% of adults die

Answer 8

Live vaccine is more effective but has a small chance of developing polio. B/c polio incidence is so low in the US we now use the dead Salk vaccine. Oral vaccines are still used in developing countries.

Answer 9

Polio mainly affects children under 5. 1 in 200 infections lead to irreversible paralysis. Among those paralyzed 5% to 10% to die when their breathing muscles become immobilized. Cases due to wild poliovirus have decreased by over 99% since 1988 from around 350,000 cases to 33 in 2018. As long as a single child remains infected, children in all countries are at risk of contracting polio. Failure to eradicate polio from these last remaining strongholds could result in as many as 2000,000 new cases every year within 10 years all over the world. In most countries, the global effort has expanded capacities to tackle other infectious diseases by building effective surveillance and immune systems.

Answer 10

Live: Dose = low Booster = no Duration = many years Antibody = yes T-Cell Response = Good Reversion to Virulence = Possible Dead Dose = High Booster = Yes Duration = Less Antibody = yes T-cell response = poor Reversion to violence = no

Answer 11

Via disease or vaccination Antibodies appear in serum after several days B cells that bind antigen make antibodies Some B cells become memory cells.

Answer 12

Via a second exposure to pathogen or booster dose Antibodies appear in blood within hours A much bigger response

Answer 13

Results in a more rapid antibody response consisting mainly of IgG due to memory B cells formed during the primary response.

Answer 14

In 1871, David Baltimore proposed that classes of viruses can be distinguished by two main criteria: Genome composition (RNA or DNA) The route used toe express messenger RNA (mRNA).

Answer 15

DNA or RNA Single or double stranded linear or circular whole or segmented

Answer 16

genome composition and means of mRNA production.

Answer 17

1) Inheritance = making more genomes 2) Encode proteins (capsid, replication, etc)

Enteroviruses Flashcards

(41 cards)