Entomology

Question 1

Answer 1

Phlebotomine Sandfly
Female

Vector of Leishmania sp. (Haemoflaggelate/Blood protozoa)
Old World Cutaneous Lieshmaniasis (Africa, Middle East)

Hairy body & wings, long mouthparts, no claw at end of abdomen

Question 2

Answer 2

Phlebotomine Sandfly
Female

Vector of Leishmania sp. (Haemoflaggelate/Blood protozoa)
Old World Cutaneous Lieshmaniasis (Africa, Middle East)

Hairy body & wings, long mouthparts, no claw at end of abdomen

Question 3

Answer 3

Glossina Tsetse fly

Vector of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Haemoflaggelate/Blood protozoa)
Human African Trypanosomiasis or African Sleeping Sickness

Hatchet cell in middle of wing that fold scissorlike, not hairy/coloured

Question 4

Answer 4

Glossina Tsetse fly

• long straight proboscis
• branched hairs on arista

Vector of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Haemoflaggelate/Blood protozoa)
Human African Trypanosomiasis or African Sleeping Sickness

Hatchet cell in middle of wing that fold scissorlike, not hairy/coloured

Question 5

Answer 5

Adult Culicoides Biting midge

Vector of Mansonella sp. (Filarial Nematode)
Subcutaneous filariasis
TX: Ivermectin

Very small with plumous antenae & distinctive light/dark patterned wings

Question 6

Answer 6

Culicoides Biting midge larvae

Pale, worm-like
3-6 mm long with 12 body segments
Small, conical shaped eye-spots

Have 4 larval instars (only need to recognise 1)

Question 7

Answer 7

Chrysops Deer fly

Vector of Loaloa (Filarial nematode)
Subcutaneous filariasis, Loiasis (African Eyeworm)

Long spear-like antenae like deer antlers, dark band in centre of wi

Question 8

Answer 8

Adult Triatomine bug

Vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Haemoflaggelate/Blood protozoa)
Chagas Disease

6 legs (insect), Long antenae & wings

Question 9

Answer 9

Adult Triatomine bug
Panstrongylus megistus

Antennae inserted just infront of eyes
Head short & broad
Prominent Ocelli

(Panstongylus = Petite Head, Prominent eyes)

6 legs (insect), Long antenae & wings

Question 10

Answer 10

Adult Triatomine bug
Rhodnius prolixus

Antennae inserted right at end of head
Head long & narrow
Ocelli not prominent

(Rhodnius = ‘Rhod-shaped’ Head with antenae Right at the end)

6 legs (insect), Long antenae & wings

Question 11

Answer 11

Adult Triatomine bug
Triatoma infestans

Antennae inserted 1/2 way between eyes & end of head
Head longer
Less prominent Ocelli

6 legs (insect), Long antenae & wings

Question 12

Answer 12

Triatomine bug Egg

Oval with granular texture
Operculum
Sticky

Question 13

Answer 13

Triatomine bug Nymph

6 legs (insect), Long antenae
but NO wings

Question 14

Answer 14

Anopheles Mosquito
Female

Vector of Plasmodium sp. (Blood protozoa), Malaria and Wuchereria bancrofti. (Filarial Nematode), Lymphatic Filariasis in tropical Africa
Night biter

Less hairy antennae, long palps, Ass in Air for Anopheles

Question 15

Answer 15

Simulium Black fly

Vector of Onchocerca volvulus (Filarial Nematode)
Onchocerciasis or River Blindness

(Blackflies aka Buffalo flies)

Round ‘Buffalo hump’, large clear wings, short cigar-shaped antenae

Question 16

Answer 16

Simulium Black fly

Vector of Onchocerca volvulus (Filarial Nematode)
Onchocerciasis or River Blindness

(Blackflies aka Buffalo flies)

Round ‘Buffalo hump’, large clear wings, short cigar-shaped antenae

Question 17

Answer 17

Anopheles Mosquito
Female

Vector of Plasmodium sp. (Blood protozoa), Malaria and Wuchereria bancrofti. (Filarial Nematode), Lymphatic Filariasis in tropical Africa
Night biter

Less hairy antennae, long palps, Ass in Air for Anopheles

Question 18

Answer 18

Culicine aedes aegypti Mosquito
Female

Vector of Yellow fever, dengue & Zika (flaviviruses) and chikungunya (alphaviruses)
Day biter

Less hairy antennae, short/cut palps, white leg joints, lyre on back

Question 19

Answer 19

Anopheles Mosquito larvae

Hairy larvae without siphon and lies parallel to the water surface

Question 20

Answer 20

Culicine culex Mosquito
Female

Vector of West nile & Japanese Enchephalitis (Flaviviruses) and Wuchereria bancrofti (Filarial Nematode), Lymphatic Filariasis throughout tropics
Night biter

Less hairy antennae, short/cut palps, plain brown, dainty wing

Question 21

Answer 21

Phlebotomine Sandfly larvae

Catapillar-like larvae with 4x long clubbed (match-stick) hairs at end of abdomen

Question 22

Answer 22

Simulium Black fly larvae

Aquatic larvae with 2 large gills for filter feeding

Question 23

Answer 23

Simulium Black fly larvae

Aquatic larvae with 2 large gills for filter feeding

Question 24

Answer 24

Culicine aedes Mosquito
Female

Vector of Wuchereria bancrofti (Filarial Nematode), Lymphatic Filariasis in Australasia, South East Asia & South Pacific
Day biter

Less hairy antennae, short palps, white leg articulations, stiped body

Question 25

Answer 25

***Anopheles*** **Mosquito eggs** Free-floating seperate eggs with bilateral floats | **A**rm bands on ***A**nopheles*

Question 26

Answer 26

***Ades*** **Mosquito eggs** Seperately laid eggs without floats

Question 27

Answer 27

***Culicine mansoniae*** **Mosquito** Female Vector of *Brugia malayi* (Filarial Nematode), Lymphatic Filariasis in Malaysia, Indonesia & Thailand Night biter | Less hairy antennae, short/**c**ut palps, stripy legs, salt/pepper wings

Question 28

Answer 28

***Culicine culex*** **Mosquito eggs** Collection of eggs in raft that floats on the water surface

Question 29

Answer 29

***Culicine*** **Mosquito larvae** Hairy larvae with siphon and sits at an angle below the water surface

Question 30

Answer 30

***Simulium* Black fly pupa** **S**lipper-type cocoon with respiratory gilli

Question 31

Answer 31

**Mosquito pupa** Distinct eye and curved like a prawn

Question 32

Answer 32

***Glossina* Tsetse fly pupa** Looks like hand **G**renades

Question 33

Answer 33

***Ctenocephalides sp.*** **C**at (*C.felis*)/dog flea Male (has upturned end of abdomen) - Genal and pronotal **C**omb - Mesopleural rod - No headphones Associated with tapeworms | Wingless insects (6 legs), obligate blood feeders

Question 34

Answer 34

***Tunga penetrans*** **J**igger flea Male (has upturned end of abdomen) - No combs - Rounder body shape (more compact for **J**umping) - Head has upturned point or horn - Long, serrated mouth parts Associated with jiggers | Wingless insects (6 legs), obligate blood feeders

Question 35

Answer 35

***Xenopsylla*** Tropical rat/plauge flea Male (has upturned end of abdomen) - No combs & No Headphones - Mesopleural rod on 2nd thoracic segment - Looks hairy due to inc. number of spines over body Vector of Plague (*Yersinia pestis*) & Maurine Typhus (*Rickettsia typhi*) | Wingless insects (6 legs), obligate blood feeders

Question 36

Answer 36

***Pulex irritans*** Human flea Female - No combs & No Mesopleural rod - Has sclerotised antennal fossae aka Headphones (**H**umans wears **H**eadphones) No associated diseases but pests - flea bites characterised by tiny dark spot surrounded by red, swollen skin | Wingless insects (6 legs), obligate blood feeders

Question 37

Answer 37

***Pthirus pubis*** **Egg** Crab Louse Has raised operculum & laid on hair

Question 38

Answer 38

***Demodex*** (Follicle mite) | Untoothed hyposome (mite), 8 legs (adult), worm like

Question 39

Answer 39

**Adult *Cimex*** **Bedbug** Female Not vectors of disease but serious biting nuisance. Females have rounded, symmetrical abdomens Males have asymmetrical outline with 'thorn-like penis' | Oval insect (6 legs), dorso-ventrally flattened

Question 40

Answer 40

***Cimex*** **Bedbug Egg** 1 mm long & slightly curved pearly white to pale yellow with fine pattern Red eyespot appears as embryo develops Seen in creases of clothing/material

Question 41

Answer 41

***Dermatophagoides*** (House dust mite) Cause allergies & exacerbate asthma | Untoothed hyposome (mite), 8 legs (adult), thick legs

Question 42

Answer 42

***Ornithodoros*** (Relapsing fever tick) Adult soft tick Dark mammilated coat, pale legs | 8 legs, Toothed hypostome, no scutum or visible mouth parts (soft tick)

Question 43

Answer 43

***Ornithodoros*** (Relapsing fever tick) Adult soft tick Dark mammilated coat, pale legs | 8 legs, Toothed hypostome, no scutum or visible mouth parts (soft tick)

Question 44

Answer 44

***Pthirus pubis*** Adult crab/pubic louse Compact body with reduced abdominal segments and very large claws on 2nd & 3rd legs Not a vector of disease | 6 legs, **in**distinct division into head/thorax/abdomen & eyes present

Question 45

Answer 45

***Pediculus humanus/capitis*** Adult body or clothing/head Louse Male Elongated body with well developed claws *Pediulus humanus* (clothing louse) is vector of: - Epidemic typhus: *Rickettsia prowazekii* - Louse-borne relapsing fever: *Borrelia recurrentis* - Quintana fever: *Bartonella quintana* | 6 legs, distinct division into head/thorax/abdomen & eyes present

Question 46

Answer 46

***Sarcoptes scabiei*** (Scabies mite) Burrows into skin causing Scabies (WHO NTD) Tx: Topical Permethrin cream or PO Ivermectin May need to Tx. 2ndry Bacterial infections ## Footnote Untoothed hyposome (mite), 8 legs (adult), round body

Question 47

Answer 47

***Trombiculidae*** **larva** (Chigger or Scrub Typhus mite larva) Vector of *Orienta **T**sutusgamushi* (bacteria) Scrub **T**yphus Tx. Doxycycline | Untoothed hyposome (mite), 6 legs (larvae), hairy (like Tarantular)

Question 48

Answer 48

***Ornithodoros*** (Relapsing fever tick) Adult soft tick Dark mammilated coat, pale legs | 8 legs, Toothed hypostome, no scutum or visible mouth parts (soft tick)

Question 49

Answer 49

***Ixodes*** (**L**yme disease tick) Adult Hard tick Plain scutum with **L**oop around anal groove | 8 legs, Toothed hypostome, with scutum & visible mouth parts (hard tick)

Question 50

Answer 50

***Ixodidae*** Adult Hard tick Male Scutum covers entire dorsal surface | 8 legs, Toothed hypostome, with scutum & visible mouth parts (hard tick)

Question 51

Answer 51

***Amblyomma americanum*** (Rocky mountain spotted fever tick) Adult Hard tick Male Decorative scutum ## Footnote 8 legs, Toothed hypostome, with scutum & visible mouth parts (hard tick)

Question 52

Answer 52

***Ixodidae*** Adult Hard tick Female Scutum only partly covers dorsal surface | 8 legs, Toothed hypostome, with scutum & visible mouth parts (hard tick)

Question 53

Answer 53

***Ixodidae*** Adult Hard tick Male Scutum covers entire dorsal surface | 8 legs, Toothed hypostome, with scutum & visible mouth parts (hard tick)

Question 54

Answer 54

***Ixodidae*** Larvae Hard tick | 6 legs, Toothed hypostome, with scutum & visible mouth parts (hard tick)

Question 55

Answer 55

***Argasidae*** Adult Soft tick | 8 legs, Toothed hypostome, no scutum or visible mouth parts (soft tick)

Question 56

Answer 56

***Argasidae*** Adult Soft tick | 8 legs, Toothed hypostome, no scutum or visible mouth parts (soft tick)

Question 57

Answer 57

***Argasidae*** Larvae Soft tick | 6 legs, Toothed hypostome, no scutum or visible mouth parts (soft tick)