Entrance test 1 Flashcards
(215 cards)
1
Q
Veterinarians can cause iatrogenic infections
A
True
2
Q
2) Arthropod borne infections are direct infections
A
False
3
Q
3) Arthopod born infections are indirect infections
A
True
4
Q
4) Arthropods can be involved in indirect infections.
A
True
5
Q
5) Venereal infections is a direct infection
A
True
6
Q
6) In the case of iatrogenic infections the infective agents are transmitted by the veterinarian
A
True
7
Q
Drinking water cannot transmit infective agents since it is hypoosmotic
A
False
8
Q
n case of direct infection tissues of the infected animal are contacted with tissues of the host
A
True
9
Q
9) In the case of aerogenic infection the agents are transmitted with air.
A
True
10
Q
10) Aerogenic infection is a form of direct infection.
A
False
11
Q
11) In the case of aerogenic infection the agent is transmitted by the air.
A
True
12
Q
Infective agents cannot survive in the soil, so soil cannot be a source of infection.
A
False
13
Q
In the case of iatrogenic infection the agent is transmitted by humans
A
True
14
Q
Direct infection happens when infected animals pass the infection with water.
A
False
15
Q
If the arthropod is a true vector, if it brings the pathogen into a susceptible animal.
A
False
16
Q
The arthropod is a true vector, if the pathogen also replicates in the susceptible animal.
A
True
17
Q
17) The arthropod is a true vector, if it propagates the pathogen. T
A
True
18
Q
The arthropod is a true vector, if it can take the pathogen to a further distance
A
False
19
Q
Infection cannot happen through water since bacteria and viruses are inactivated in water
A
False
20
Q
Meat is never involved in transmission of infections since fermentation of meat kills agents.
A
False
21
Q
1) Some infective agents are transmitted with eggs. T
A
True
22
Q
2) Germinative infection is more frequent in birds than in mammals. T
A
True
23
Q
3) Germinative infection is very frequent in mammals F
A
False
24
Q
4) Germinative infection is seen in mammals T
A
True
25
5) Mammals can infect their offspring through milk T
True
26
New-born animals cannot be infected from the milk thanks to the colostral antibodies. F
False
27
Intrauterine infection happens if the foetus is infected during pregnancy from the dam T
True
28
Vertical infection does not occur in mammals F
False
29
9) Horizontally infections happen only in birds F
False
30
10) Germinative infection is frequent in mammals, it will result in malformation of the foetuses. F
False
31
11) Galactogen infection cannot happen when the animals receive colostrum, since the antibodies in the colostrum prevent it. F
False
32
In the case of horizontal infection animals in the same group infect each other. T
True
33
Intra uterine infection can occur in pregnant animals. T
True
34
Germinative infection can happen in birds.
True
35
Galactogen infection is a form of horizontal infections
False
36
If the dam infects newborn animals, we speak about horizontal infection
False
37
Germinative infection can occur mainly in mammals.
False
38
In the case of galactogen infection the agent is transmitted by milk.
True
39
n the case of horizontal infection the agent is spreading between animals of about the same age
True
40
Horizontal infection does not occur in mammals
False
41
Vertical infection does not occur in mammals
False
42
Germinative infection does not occur in mammals.
False
43
Galactogen infection does not occur in mammals
False
44
In germinative infection, the placenta is infected by the mother during pregnancy
False
45
Germinative infection is a rare form of horizontal infection
False
46
In germinative infection, the newborn is infected through the milk.
False
47
Zoonotic agents can cause disease in animals and humans
True
48
In the case of cyclozoonoses arthropods are responsible for maintaining the infections
False
49
If agents are passed from animals to humans, we speak about zoonosis
True
50
If humans infect animals we speak about metazoonoses
False
51
Cyclozoonoses require an arthropod for transmission.
True
52
In the case of zoonotic diseases animals and humans can infect each other. T 7) In the case of saprozoonoses animals and humans are infected from the same source.
True
53
In case of secondary infection, a bacterium infects an individual, which is already infected with a pathogen
True
54
In case of secondary infection, a new pathogen infects an already cured animal
False
55
n case of secondary infection, two pathogens infect the host simultaneously.
False
56
In case of secondary infection, one of the agents is always a virus
False
57
1) Facultative pathogenic agents are helped by predisposing factors. T
True
58
2) Stenoxen agents have a wide host range. F
False
59
3) Euryxen agents have a wide host range T
True
60
4) An euryxen agent can infect several host species T
True
61
There is no minimum number of agents necessary to infection, because they can replicate in the host
False
62
Mutations generally result decrease of the virulence
True
63
Immunogenicity of the different agents is different
True
64
There is a minimum number of each agent that is necessary to infect animals
True
65
A minimum amount of bacteria or viruses is needed to a successful infection
True
66
Virulence of an agent can be characterized with its LD50 value
True
67
Pathogenicity means the ability of the agent to cause disease.
True
68
Virulence means the level of pathogenicity.
True
69
The amount of the agent does not influence the outcome of the infection, since it can replicate in the host.
False
70
In the case of optimal way of infection the least amount of agent can cause disease
True
71
The virulence of the agents is connected to virulence factors
True
72
Virulence is a stable characteristic of an agent
False
73
The way of the infection (entrance of the agents) can influence its outcome.
True
74
Virulence of a bacterium or virus can be changed spontaneously
True
75
In case of a secondary infection the agent complicates a primary infection.
True
76
Virulence of a bacterium or virus can be changed
True
77
The virulence factors help the agents in causing disease.
True
78
Virulence variants can occur within a bacterium or virus species
True
79
Pathogenic variants can occur within a bacterium or virus species
True
80
Species specific resistance can be overcome by increasing the number of agents.
False
81
Within a pathogenic species no avirulent strains can occur
False
82
Foetuses can have active immune response
True
83
Newborn animals have local immune response
True
84
Foetuses do not have immune reactions
False
85
Fetuses have no active immune response
False
86
The skin, mucous membranes and mucous are parts of the non specific resistance system of the host
True
87
The normal microflora of the gut is essential for animals; they cannot live without it F
True
88
Foetuses have no immune response; they appear only in 2-4 week old animals
False
89
The age of the animals does not influence their susceptibility to a certain agent
False
90
Susceptibility to a disease can be influenced by age.
True
91
Certain medicines and agents can decrease the protection of the hosts
True
92
Species specific resistance means that certain agents cannot infect certain hosts T
True
93
Species related resistance means that certain agents cannot cause infection in resistant host species
True
94
Animals cannot be infected with certain agents if they have species specific resistance
True
95
Certain animal species are resistant against certain agents
True
96
Chicken embryos are able to produce an immune response
True
97
Cellular immune response is very important in the case of viral diseases
True
98
Gastric juice can protect the host from infections
True
99
From 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the foetus produces an immune response against any antigen
False
100
There is no immune response in the foetus, only from 4 weeks after birth
False
101
) Unfavourable environmental effects can predispose animals to diseases caused by facultative pathogenic agents
True
102
Nutrition of the animals can influence the appearance of infectious diseases T
True
103
Environmental effects can influence the survival of the agents in the environment T
True
104
Mycotoxins can suppress the activity of the immune system
True
105
Certain mycotoxins have immune suppressive effect
True
106
Overcrowding can help the spreading of several infectious diseases
True
107
Deserts can inhibit the spreading of several infectious diseases.
True
108
Viruses causing generalised diseases generally replicate at the place of entry and in the regional lymph nodes
True
109
The lesions are at the place of entry of the agent in the case of local infections
True
110
In the case of a local infection the site of entry and the lesions are at the same place
True
111
Lesions can be seen in different organs in the case of generalised diseases.
True
112
Intra uterine infection can result immune tolerance in the case of some diseases
True
113
ntra uterine infection can result embryonic death in the case of some diseases
True
114
Intra uterine infection does not occur since the placenta protects the foetus
False
115
Fetuses cannot be infested since the placenta completely isolates them.
False
116
The incubation time is the time between the appearance of the clinical signs and death of the animal
False
117
The incubation time is the time between infection and the appearance of clinical
True
118
The incubation time lasts from the infection till the manifestation of the clinical signs.
True
119
Some infective agents have immunosuppressive effect
True
120
Some infective agents can cause malformation of fetuses
True
121
Intra uterine infections does not occur in mammals since the agents cannot penetrate the placenta.
False
122
In the case of local infections the lesions can be seen at the site of entry.
True
123
In the case of generalised infections the agent is generally spreading with blood
True
124
In the case of generalised infections the placenta prevents the infection of the foetus.
False
125
Some agents can spread along the nerves.
True
126
1) The agent does not replicate in dead end hosts F
False
127
Dead end hosts do not show clinical signs, they die without signS
False
128
In the case of latent infection the agents are continuously shed
False
129
Latent infection happens when the genome of the agent is integrated in the genome of the host
True
130
In the case of latent infections, the agents are continually shed
False
131
In latent infection, there is no virus shedding
True
132
Abortion is the main clinical sign of abortive infections
False
133
The animals do not carry the agent after recovery from an infectious disease because the immune system eliminates it.
False
134
Tolerated infections result in high level of immune reaction.
False
135
Infection before self-recognition of the immune system can result tolerated infections
True
136
Infected animals have a high level of antibodies in the case of tolerated infections
False
137
The agent is not shed in the case of inapparent infections.
False
138
Dead end hosts do not shed the agent.
True
139
Asymptomatic infections can become manifest
True
140
Formation of immune complexes can be a consequence of persistent viral infection
True
141
When the clinical signs disappear, shedding the agent is finished
False
142
In the case of an abortive infection no clinical signs will be seen
False
143
In the case of latent infection only mild clinical signs will be seen
False
144
Animals with tolerated infection shed the agent
True
145
Only animals showing clinical signs can shed infective agents
False
146
In case of inapparent infections no clinical signs can be seen
True
147
Latent infection is common in the case of Gram-positive bacteria
False
148
In the case of inapperent infections seropositivity can be seen
True
149
napparent infections cannot be detected in laboratory examinations.
False
150
In case of abortive infection, the animal always aborts
False
151
In case of subclinical infection, the animals can shed the agent.
True
152
Tolerated infection can be demonstrated only by serology
False
153
Abortive infection can be demonstrated only by serology
True
154
During a tolerated infection the animals are seropositive
False
155
In the case of latent infection no clinical signs can be seen
False
156
Asymptomatic infections cannot be manifest
False
157
Animals do not carry the agents after recovery from an infectious disease
False
158
Mortality shows the percentage of dead animals compared to the size of the herd
True
159
Mortality show what proportion of the diseased animals die.
False
160
Morbidity shows the percentage of dead animals compared to the size of the herd
False
161
Lethality shows the percentage of dead animals compared to the number of diseased ones
True
162
Lethality shows the number of dead animals compared to the total number of the herd
False
163
Prevalence shows the number of diseased animals compared to the total number of the herd
False
164
Mortality shows the proportion of dead animals compared to the number of diseases ones.
False
165
Monitoring is routine collection of data on a disease.
True
166
Pandemic diseases are fast spreading ones; they are fast transmitted between continents
True
167
Pandemic diseases are spreading fast around the Earth.
True
168
Pandemic disease occurs in large areas, continents
True
169
Endemic diseases occur in a small, limited area including a farm, some farms or a village.
True
170
Epidemic diseases are fast spreading; they are fast transmitted between continents
False
171
Pandemic diseases have no tendency to spread.
False
172
Epidemic diseases are spreading in a larger geographical area e.g. in several countries.
True
173
Contagious diseases are spreading from one animal to the other
True
174
Lethality shows the ratio of dead animals and the total stock.
False
175
Hemagglutination inhibition test is used for the detection of antigens of certain agents
False
176
Genome of agents is detected with PCR
True
177
Antigens of certain agents can be detected using PCR
False
178
Surface antigens of certain agents are detected with ELIZA or PCR
False
179
Infective agents can be detected 2-3days after infection using serological tests
False
180
Virus Neutralisation test is used for the detection of antigens of the virus
False
181
Serological tests are used for the detection of antibodies
True
182
MATSA is used in laboratory diagnosis
True
183
MATSA is a form of disease
False
184
Microscopic detection of agents is not used in diagnostic work anymore
False
185
If an animal is infected laboratory tests always detect the agent
False
186
The phase of the pathogenicity can influence the sensitivity of the laboratory tests.
True
187
Using serological tests, we detect the antibodies produced against the agent
True
188
Using virus neutralization test we detect the antibodies produced against the agent.
True
189
Polymerase chain reaction is used for the detection of antigens of the agent
False
190
Post mortem lesions help in setting up a preliminary diagnosis
True
191
Epidemiological data help in setting up a preliminary diagnosis.
True
192
Microscopic examination of samples is not used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases any more
False
193
Antibacterial treatment is forbidden in the EU in the case of viral diseases
False
194
Individual and mass treatment can be combined in the case of some infectious diseases.
True
195
Hyperimmune serum can be used for aetiological treatment of certain diseases
True
196
No aetiological treatment is available in the case of viral diseases
False
197
Mass treatment using antibiotics is not allowed in the EU
False
198
Antibiotics can be used for the aetiological treatment in case of bacterial disease
True
199
All bacterial agents can be eradicated with antibiotic treatment
False
200
Antibacterial treatment is used in the case of viral diseases in order to prevent bacterial complications
True
201
Antibiotics are used for the treatment of some viral diseases to prevent secondary infections
True
202
Antibiotics are generally used to the aetiological treatment of diseases caused by bacteria
True
203
Use of antibiotics in the case of diseases caused by viruses is not allowed because of antibiotic resistance
False
204
Treatment of certain infectious diseases is prohibited.
True
205
Symptomatic treatment is recommended because it can support healing of the diseased animals
True
206
In case of viral diseases, no antibiotics are given
False
207
Antibiotics may be used only until the disappearance of the clinical signs.
False
208
There is no anti-viral therapy
False
209
Only diseased animals have to be treated with antibiotics to prevent resistance.
False
210
Aetiological treatment with anti-bacterial is done, in the case of bacterial diseases
True
211
Using hyperimmune sera is usually not justifiable.
True
212
In case of import of animals into a farm, animals in the quarantine must be tested for infections
True
213
In case of import of animals into a farm, animals in the quarantine must only be observed, there is nothing to do with them if they do not show clinical signs
False
214
Only eggs from the same flock are allowed to be hatches in one hatching machine
True
215
Eggs of different species can be hatched together; they cannot infect each other thanks to the different hatching tim
False
