ENV Topic 6 - Territory and Personal Space

Question 1

What is territory?

Answer 1

A physical area owned or controlled by a person or group.

Question 2

What is territoriality?

Answer 2

The behavior associated with the ownership or occupation of a space or area.

Question 3

How do individuals claim territory?

Answer 3

By taking ownership

Question 4

What are the types of territory?

Answer 4

Primary

Question 5

Give an example of primary territory

Answer 5

Home

Question 6

Give an example of secondary territory

Answer 6

Classroom.

Question 7

Give an example of public territory

Answer 7

Area of beach.

Question 8

How is primary territory occupied?

Answer 8

High extent of perceived ownership.

Question 9

How is secondary territory occupied?

Answer 9

Moderate extent of perceived ownership.

Question 10

How is public territory occupied?

Answer 10

Low extent of perceived ownership.

Question 11

How much is primary territory personalized?

Answer 11

Extensively personalized.

Question 12

How much is secondary territory personalized?

Answer 12

May be personalized to some extent.

Question 13

How much is public territory personalized?

Answer 13

Sometimes personalized in a temporary way.

Question 14

What did Smith (1981) study?

Answer 14

Territoriality on different nationality beaches.

Question 15

What nationalities were observed in Smith (1981)?

Answer 15

French

Question 16

What did Smith (1981) record?

Answer 16

Size

Question 17

Which nationality made larger territorial claims?

Answer 17

West Germans.

Question 18

What did West Germans use to mark territory?

Answer 18

Sandcastles and ‘places reserved’ signs.

Question 19

What was the French perception of territoriality?

Answer 19

They could not grasp the concept.

Question 20

What is personal space often described as?

Answer 20

A personal bubble.

Question 21

What is personal space?

Answer 21

A portable

Question 22

What is a more accurate term than personal space?

Answer 22

Interpersonal distance.

Question 23

What factors affect our personal space needs?

Answer 23

Situational and individual factors.

Question 24

What are some situational factors affecting personal space?

Answer 24

Room size

Question 25

What are some individual factors affecting personal space?

Answer 25

Personality

Question 26

Who proposed the four zones of personal space?

Answer 26

Edward Hall.

Question 27

What are the four personal space zones?

Answer 27

Intimate

Question 28

What did Middlemist et al. (1976) study?

Answer 28

Invasions of personal space in a men's lavatory.

Question 29

Where was Middlemist et al. (1976) conducted?

Answer 29

In a men's lavatory at a US university.

Question 30

What did Middlemist et al. (1976) measure?

Answer 30

Delay of onset and duration of urination.

Question 31

What were the conditions in Middlemist et al. (1976)?

Answer 31

Participant alone

Question 32

What were the results of Middlemist et al. (1976)?

Answer 32

Invasions of personal space cause physiological arousal.

Question 33

What is the stop-distance method?

Answer 33

Someone approaches the participant who indicates when they feel uncomfortable.

Question 34

What has been the trend in office environments?

Answer 34

A move towards open plan offices.

Question 35

What impact does close proximity in a high-density environment have on work performance?

Answer 35

Poorer performance on complex tasks.

Question 36

What did Wells (2000) investigate?

Answer 36

Personalization of office environments.

Question 37

How did Wells (2000) define personalization?

Answer 37

Deliberate decoration or modification of an environment to reflect identity.

Question 38

What were the aims of Wells (2000)?

Answer 38

Gender differences in personalization

Question 39

Where was the Wells (2000) study conducted?

Answer 39

Orange County

Question 40

How was data collected in Wells (2000)?

Answer 40

Surveys and case studies.

Question 41

What did the surveys in Wells (2000) include?

Answer 41

Workspace personalization

Question 42

How long were the interviews in Wells’ (2000) case studies?

Answer 42

10-15 minutes.

Question 43

How did men and women differ in personalization?

Answer 43

Women personalize more than men.

Question 44

What did women tend to use for personalization?

Answer 44

Items representing family

Question 45

What did men tend to use for personalization?

Answer 45

Symbols of achievement and sports paraphernalia.

Question 46

What was personalization associated with?

Answer 46

Satisfaction with the work environment.

Question 47

Was personalization more important to women's well-being?

Answer 47

Not significantly.

Question 48

What was associated with a company’s personalization policy?

Answer 48

Organizational climate

Question 49

What did Wells (2000) conclude?

Answer 49

Personalization is linked to well-being

Question 50

What did Sommer & Ross (1958) study?

Answer 50

The effect of ward decoration on patients.

Question 51

What was the initial layout of the chairs in Sommer & Ross (1958)?

Answer 51

Lined up against the walls.

Question 52

What was the effect of changing the seating arrangement in Sommer & Ross (1958)?

Answer 52

Increased social interaction.

Question 53

What is sociopetal design?

Answer 53

Design that encourages social interaction.

Question 54

What is sociofugal design?

Answer 54

Design that maintains personal space.

Question 55

What is a key difference between territory and personal space?

Answer 55

Territory is stationary