Enviroment Health Flashcards
(129 cards)
0
Q
Identify the population at risk?
A
-Own Troop
-Friendly Forces
-Locally Employed Civilians LEC
-Civilian Population
Prisoners Of War - POW
1
Q
Who is responsible for health within the unit??
A
The Commanding Officer
2
Q
What are the roles of CHA - Combat Health Adviser??
A
- Identifying the hazards (in the area of responsibility )
- threat assessment/hazard recognition
- health protection measures
- Advise the CoC (on the measures necessary to manage/mitigate NSK)
3
Q
What are the main roles and functions of EH?
WOOFEC
A
W-water quality, monitoring and analysis
O-Operational Field sanitation and waste disposal
O-Occupational health and safety
F- Food hygiene and safety
V-vector control
E- Environmental monitoring and EIH
C- Communicable disease prevention and control
4
Q
What are the roles and responsibilities of CMT?
A
Policy and Procedure -
Water, Food, Climate, Equipment, Vaccination
Advice and Training -
Health briefs, Information, Instruction to CoC, line manager and patients
Monitoring and Investigation -
Heat Stress Index, Fmed 85, EpiNato, Disease outbreak control, Implement force protection measure
5
Q
What is the definition of a DNBI?
A
A person who is not a battle casualty, but who is lost to the organisation by reason of disease or injury.
6
Q
What does DNBI stand for?
A
Disease Non Battle Injury
7
Q
State 3 categories of Medical Protection Hazards?
A
- Chemical Hazards
- Physical Hazards
- Biological Hazards
8
Q
State two categories of DNBI threat?
A
- Internal
- External
9
Q
What is the external threat when dealing with DNBI?
A
- Climate
- Disease
- Flora & Fauna
- EIH (Environment Industrial Hazards)
10
Q
State the definition of Health Risk Management?
A
The application of Prevention and Control to reduce risk
11
Q
State the 5 sources of disease??
A
- Case
- Contact
- Corpse
- Carrier
- Convalescent
12
Q
What is the Chain of Infection?
A
Source
to
Route
to
Target
13
Q
Define what health is?
A
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of a disease
14
Q
Define what Disease is?
A
Any state that is departure from positive health whether that is departure of physical health
15
Q
Why can disease be a major impact to the forces?
A
- Manpower wastage
- Unit mission failure
- wastes limited unit resources
16
Q
How are communicable disease caused?
A
- Virus
- Bactria
- Parasites
17
Q
What are the Force Protection & Joint Op principles?
A
- Measure assessment of the threat
- Joint and Multinational Concept
- Prioritisation
- Flexibility
- Risk Management
18
Q
What are the 5 steps of Risk Management?
A
step 1 - identify the hazard step 2 - identify the population at risk step 3 - risk assessment step 4 - risk management step 5 - monitoring activity
19
Q
In step 5 of risk management, what do you monitor?
A
- threat and hazards
- implement & effectiveness of control measures
- general control
- information, training and policy
- medical countermeasures and treatment
20
Q
How do you monitor and record risk assessments?
A
- Lab Report
- Fmed 85
- Specific Monitoring
- Local med Int
- EHT Audit
21
Q
Who is the 1st line EH support??
A
CMT - Combat Medical Technician
CHD - Combat Health Duties
CHA - Combat Health Adviser
22
Q
Who is 2nd in line EH support?
A
Uk Med Group EH Team
23
Q
Who is 3rd in line EH support?
A
Environment Health Team
24
Who is the 4th line EH support?
AMD - Army Medical Directive
RAF CAM - Centre of aviation medicine
INM - Institute of naval medicine
DMS(w) - DMS Whittiongton
25
State the responsibility of the CHD?
- Sanitation Measure
- Safety control of disease, vector and pests
- Water supply
26
State two constraints of CHD personnel?
- Lack of space
- Proximity to sleep / eating area
- Logistics
- High tempo of activity
27
State three benefits of CHD personnel?
- Self-sufficient
- Proactive pest control
- improve sanitation
- Water safety
- Lower DNBI
- Maintain operational effectiveness
- Intelligent tasking of EH Team
28
Name the potential routes of disease?
- Ingestion
- Airborne
- Vector
- Contact
29
State how to control the source for ingestion disease?
- Notification/Investigation
- Treatment of cases
- Isolation
- Disinfection of patients discharges, bedding etc
30
State how to you control the route in Ingestion diseases?
- Treatment protection of water
- Good waste disposal
- Good food preparation
- Cleanliness of premises
- Good personal Hygiene
- Medical screening of catering staff
- Insect, rodent control
- Camp sitting
- Field sanitation / hygiene
31
State how to control the target of ingestion disease?
- Health Education
- vaccinations
- Prevention of exposure
- Person hygiene
- Approved source
32
Name 5 Ingestion Related Diseases?
```
(WILDCATS)
Worms-
Infective Hepatitis-
Leptospirosis
Dysentery
Cholera-
Amoebic Dysentery
Typhoid-
Schistosomiasis
Gastroenteritis
Polio-
```
33
Name two routes of transmission in Airborne Disease?
- Sneezing
- Coughing
- Talking
- Laughing
34
State five examples of Airborne disease?
```
Influenza
Common Cold
TB
Small Pox
Chicken Pox
MMR
Scarlet Fever
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Anthrax
Legionella
Meningitis
```
35
State how to control the source of Airborne Disease?
- Treat infected person
- isolated infection person
- Protect medical staff
- Dispose of corpes/caresses
- Screen carrier / cases
36
State how to control the route of Airborne Disease?
- Damp Dusting
- Barriers (face make, tissues)
- Concurrent disinfection
- Avoid overcrowding
- Bed spacing
- Personal and communal hygiene
- Adequate lighting, heating, ventilation
37
State how to control the target of Airborne Disease?
- Personal Hygiene
- Health Education
- Vaccination
- Avoidance of infected person/ place
38
What are the two ways of transmission for Arthropod Borne Diseases?
```
Biological Transmission (inside the body)
Mechanical Transmission (outside the body)
```
39
State four examples of Vector Disease?
```
Malaria
Yellow Fever
Plague
Leishmaniasis
Epidemic Typhus
Murine Typhus
Scrub Typhus
Tryponosomiasis
Encephalitis
```
40
State how to control the source of Arthropod Disease?
- Disinfection
- Medical Treatment
- Isolate
- Health and Education
41
State how to control the route of Vector Diseases?
- Physical Control
- Chemical Control
- Biological Control
42
Give two examples of Physical control, to prevent vector disease?
- Modify the Environment
| - Proofing of buildings
43
Give two examples of chemical control?
- Residual
| - Knockdown
44
State how to control the target of Vector Disease?
- Vaccinations
- Clothing
- Repellents
- Barriers
- Good Personal Hygiene
- Good Camp Hygiene
- Health Education
45
State two ways that Contact disease is split?
Indirect
Direct
46
Give the definition of direct contact??
direct contact with a person or animal
47
Give an example of a indirect contact?
inanimate object capible of spreading disease -
Toothbrush
Toilet
Razor
Water Bottle
48
Name two examples of direct contact diseases?
STI's
| Scabies
49
Name two examples of indirect contact diseases?
Impetigo
Veruca
Gingivitis
Fungal Skin Infections
50
State how to control the source of Contact Disease?
- Isolate & treat cases
- Trace carriers
- Cleaning & Disinfection
- Health Education
51
State how to control the route of Contact Disease-
Direct?
Indirect?
Direct- Abstinence
Monogamy
Avoid Prostitutes
Use protection
Indirect- Disinfect abulions
Launder Bedding & Clothing
Disinfect communal areas
Keep personal items personal
52
State how to control the target of Contact Disease?
- Health Education
- Clothing
- Barriers
53
What is the name of the Chemical used to disinfect water supply?
Calcium Hypochlorite (puri-tabs)
54
List two occasions when the contact period changes to 30 minutes?
- No test kit available
| - The water is too cold <5 degrees
55
What does WBGT stand for?
Wet, Bulb, Globe, Temperature
56
What is WBGT used for?
To measure the enviroment
57
Name four individual risk factors that can increase the risk of a Climate Risk?
- Reduced Water and food intake
- Illness
- Alcohol intake
- Dehydration
- Low fitness
- Over weight
58
How long would you expect to stay in a Semi-perm Camp?
7 days to 6 months
59
Name four types of camp and durations?
Short Halt - 24hrs
Temp - 24hrs to 7days
Semi-perm - 7days to 6months
Permanent - 6 months plus
60
How long would you expect to stay in a temp camp?
24hrs to 7 days
61
How long would you expect to stay in a Short Halt camp?
24hrs
62
How long would you expect to stay in a permeant camp?
6months plus
63
Name one method used to clarify water?
- Filtration
| - Sedimentation
64
In clarification what does filtration mean?
Where water is able to pass through a medium, to filter large particles
65
In clarification what does Sedimentation mean?
where solids are removed by gravity
66
List three Airborne Disease?
- Common cold
- Influenza
- Small Pox
- Chicken Pox
67
Name three precautions to adhere to when handling clinical waste?
Wear PPE
Good Personal Hygiene
Good Health Education
68
When carrying out a Recce, what would you do when finding water?
Go 2km up stream
69
From which JSP would you get the disease control policy?
JSP 950
70
What is the form used to notify Infectious Diseases?
Fmed 85
71
Who would you send a copy of the Infectious Disease form to?
- Proper Officer/ CCDC
- Single Service Focus Point
- Retain a copy
72
Who has overall responsibility of health within the unit?
The Commanding Officer
73
How long would the average person take to acclimatise?
10 - 14 days
74
List three Climatic injuries in a hot climate?
- Sunburn
- Prickly Heat
- Muscle Cramps
- Fainting
- Hyperthermia
75
Why do we need to control disease?
- Operational Effectiveness
| - Manpower
76
Why are armed forces most at risk to climatic injuries?
Due to the nature of the job and countries we work in with climatic extremes
77
What is the importance of Climatic prevention to the military?
- Loss of Operational Effectiveness
- Mission Failure
- Waste of limited resources
- Can kill
78
Define what heat illness is?
'A raise in core body temperature above 38 degrees'
79
What is the publication in the Military of communicable disease?
JSP 950
80
Who are the key personalities and responsibilities held with?
- Surgeon General
- Unit Medical Staff
- Single Service Focus Point
- Environment Health Team
81
Climatic illness/ injuries can be split into two categories, what are they?
- Heat Illness
| - Cold injury/illness
82
Cold injuries/illness can be split in to three sub headings, what are they??
- Freezing cold injuries
- non-freezing cold injuries
- Other cold injuries
83
Name three freezing cold injuries?
- Hypothermia
- Frost Nip
- Frost Bite
84
Name two non-freezing cold injuries?
- Trench Foot
| - Windburn
85
Name one other cold injury?
- Snow Blindness
- Contact Injuries
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
86
What temperture does Hypothermia kick in?
Core temperature below 35 degree
87
What does USSR stand for?
U- Urine
S- Soil
S- Sullage
R- Refuse
88
What does the R stand for in USSR?
Refuse
89
What is the preliminary phase for CMTs, in the event of a disease outbreak?
- Identify common factors
- Collect Specimens
- Conduct Camp inspection
- Conduct interviews with cases
- Contact Public Health
- Immediate control measures
- Make preliminary decision on outbreak source
90
What ways can you implement to control the spread of disease?
Source control
Route control
Target Control
91
What does an initial investigation consist of?
- Prelim Phase
- Communication
- Confirm Notification
- Control Measures
92
What does 'outbreak' mean?
Two or more cases of communicable disease, at the same time and place, which is outside 'the normal' for the location
93
What does Notifiable Disease mean?
A disease that must be reported by law to the public health authorities
94
How long will a Shallow Trench Urinal Last for 250 men?
24hrs
95
How long will a Shallow Trench Latrine last for 100 men?
3 days or 3/4 full
96
How many shallow trench latrines be needed for 100men and the how many if an additional 100 men?
5 trenches for 100 men
extra 3 per additional 100 men
97
Name the improvised appliances in a temporary camp?
- Shallow Trench Urinal
- Shallow Trench Latrine
- Soakage Pit
- Refuse Pit
98
Name the improvised appliances in a Semi- perm camp?
- Funnel Urine and soakage pit
- Trough Urinal and soakage pit
- Female Urinal and soakage pit
- Deep Trench Latrine
- Receptacle Latrine (wagbag)
- Refusal Disposal (incinerator)
- Hand Wash Devices
99
When selecting a location for a camp, what should you consider?
- Location
- Terrain
- Access
100
What are the basic principles when setting up a camp?
- Front of camp should face the wind
- Accommodation at the front of camp
- Toilets to the rear of camp
- Toilets away from water supple and food prep
101
How often should water sampling be done and what tests are carried out?
- Daily - Chlorine Testing
- Monthly - Bacteriological Testing
- Quarterly - Chemical Testing
102
Contaminants can be put into two groups, what are they?
- Suspended
| - Dissolved
103
Name three suspended contaminants?
- Sediment
- Disease Organisum
- Grit
- Sand
- Leaves
- Sewage
104
Name three Dissolved contaminants?
```
Heavy Metals
Toxic Waste
Pesticides
War agents
Detergents
Salts
```
105
Water purification is split into 6 stages, what are they?
```
1st Select the source
2nd Clarification
3rd Disinfection
4th Contact period
5th Test
6th De-test
```
106
1st Select the source in water purification means?
- Quantity
| - Quality
107
2nd clarification in water purification means?
- Filtration
| - Sedimentation
108
3rd disinfection in water purification means?
- Chemical
| - Physical
109
4th contact period in water purification means?
15 mins
30 mins
110
5th test in water purification means?
Lovibond Checkit
111
6th de-test in water purification means?
Sodium Thoisulphate (removes chlorine)
112
State and outline the two main categories of disease?
Communicable - Spread by person, insects or animal
Non-communicable - Not spread by person or animal
113
Using the hypothetical three link chain of infection name four routes of disease?
- Ingestion
- Airborne
- Arthropod
- Contact
114
Who is the target in the hypothetical three link chain of infection?
Healthy but susceptible human or animal
115
State the role of the combat Health Advisor (CHA)?
- To advice the CoC and line manager
- Assess that / Hazard assessment
- Preserve Combat Power
116
State two gerneral roles of Combat Health Duties (CHD)?
- water supply
| - Safety control of disease, pest & insect
117
Name and define four examples of sources of disease?
Case- individual suffering from a disease with recognisable with signs & symptoms
Carrier - Health human that carrier disease with no signs & symptoms
Contact - Human/animal exposed to disease and has contracted it
Corpse - when in contact with a Dead human/animal that is infected with a disease
Convalescent - Appears healthy and recovered from disease but still infected
118
State three military impacts of communicable disease?
- Manpower
- Unit mission failure
- Operational effectiveness
119
List 5 ways that could contaminate food and water??
```
Pest Control
Untreated waste
Waste Disposal
Storage of food
food preparation
```
120
Describe an appliance used for urine in a Temp Camp and how long its used for?
Shallow Trench Urinal 24 for 250 men
121
Describe a shallow trench urine?
Rectangle, mud on 3 sides, aiming markers
122
When is water testing done and what test??
Daily - Chlorine Test
Monthly - Bacteriological Sampling
Quarterly - Chemical Sampling
123
Describe what EpiNato is and why its used?
A health surveillance system use on operation to collect data on injuries / injury to detect trend
124
Give examples of waste disposal in a semi-perm camp?
U- Female urinal
S- Deep Trench Latrine
S- Grease Tap & soakage
R- Oil Drum Incinerator
125
Using USSR, Give one example of waste disposal for each, in a temp camp?
U- Shallow Trench Urine
S- Shallow Trench Latrine
S- Grease Trap & soakage Pit
R- Ash pit
126
State two possible reporting form for a climate injuries?
JSP 539
| DMICP Template
127
How often should a EpiNato be recorded?
Weekly
128
What else can a Short Halt camp called?
Cat Sanitation
