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Science 10-1 > Enviromental Science > Flashcards

Enviromental Science Flashcards

0
Q

What is the difference between weather and climate?

A

Climate is the average weather conditions in a particular area, where as weather is the conditions at any one given time.

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1
Q

Define the term weather

A

The conditions of temperature, air pressure, cloud cover, precipitation, and humidity that occur at a particular place at a particular time.

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2
Q

What are the three components that make up the biosphere?

A
  1. The Hydrosphere
  2. The Lithosphere
  3. The Atmosphere
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3
Q

How far up from the Earth’s surface does the atmosphere reach?

A

Around 500km above sea level

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4
Q

The atmosphere is made up of 21% of which gas?

A

Oxygen

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5
Q

What are the four layers of the Earth’s atmosphere?

A
  1. The Troposphere
  2. The Stratosphere
  3. The Mesosphere
  4. The Thermosphere
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6
Q

Where is the Troposphere located?

A

In the Atmosphere, around 0-10km above sea level

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7
Q

The ozone layer is located in which part of the atmosphere?

A

In the stratosphere, about 10-50km above sea level

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8
Q

The lithosphere is the solid portion of Earth right above…

a. sea level
b. the Earth’s crust
c. the centre of the Earth
d. the upper mantle

A

d. the upper mantle

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9
Q

What percent of Earth’s water is salt water?

A

97% of all Earth’s water is found in the oceans.

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10
Q

What is the hydrosphere?

A

The hydrosphere accounts for all water on Earth.

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11
Q

Define the term altitide

A

The distance above the Earth’s surface, measured from the upper surface of the oceans

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12
Q

What is it called when a reversal of normal temperatures in the troposphere occurs?

A

An inversion

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13
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

Any change in the structure or functioning of an organism that makes it more suited to it’s environment

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14
Q

What is the term that describes the reflectivity of a surface?

A

The albedo

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15
Q

What part of the hydrosphere contains water frozen in ice caps, permafrost, snow and glaciers?

A

The cryosphere

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16
Q

The hydrologic cycle is the______ and _______ of the Earth’s water

A
  1. Evaporation

2. Condensation

17
Q

What are the three major climate zones?

A
  1. The polar zone
  2. The temperate zone
  3. The tropical zone
18
Q

What is anecdotal evidence?

A

Evidence that relies on reports from people about certain events and their interpretation of these events

19
Q

Long-term general weather trends in a certain geographic region is known as the area’s ________.

A

Climate

20
Q

What is the difference between a closed system and an isolated system?

A

A closed system exchanges energy with the surroundings, but an isolated system does not exchange either energy or matter with the surroundings

21
Q

What is the purpose of the Montreal Protocol?

A

To phase out the production and use of CFCs

22
Q

What are CFCs?

A

CFC is short for chlorofluorocarbons. They were invented in 1946 to replace flammable and toxic compounds used in industry.

23
Q

What does UNFCCC stand for?

A

The UNFCCC is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and is an agreement between nations to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions.

24
Q

What are the four main greenhouse gases?

A
  1. Water vapour
  2. Carbon dioxide
  3. Methane
  4. Nitrous oxide
25
Q

Which of the four main greenhouse gases has a GWP of 23?

A

Methane

26
Q

What system is used to measure the ability of gases to trap thermal energy?

A

The Global Warming Potential (GWP) system.

27
Q

Over the last 200 years, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by _______.

A

32%

28
Q

Define the term carbon sink

A

Any process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, such as photosynthesis.

29
Q

Which two greenhouse gases does burning fossil fuels produce?

A
  1. Carbon dioxide

2. Nitrous oxide

30
Q

What are halocarbons?

A

Human-made chemical that can absorb significant amounts of thermal energy

31
Q

What is it called when the net radiation budget of the Earth changes due to greenhouse gases?

A

It is known as the enhanced greenhouse effect

32
Q

In 2001, Canada contributed to what percent of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions?

A

1.8%

33
Q

What is the IPCC?

A

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assesses information related to climate change.

34
Q

The IPCC was created by which international group of scientist?

A

The World Meteorologist Organization (WMO)

35
Q

What year was the Kyoto Protocol signed?

A

1998

36
Q

What is the main objective of the Kyoto Protocol?

A

To reduce greenhouse gases

37
Q

What are Emission-reduction credits?

A

A feature of the Kyoto Protocol. Credits are given to countries for actions that contribute to the global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

38
Q

What is one possible way scientists are looking at removing carbon dioxide from the air?

A

Carbon dioxide sequestering.

39
Q

What are halocarbons used for?

A

They are used as a coolant in air conditioners and refrigerators

40
Q

How do you find net radiation budget?

A

Net radiation = incoming radiation - outgoing radiation

41
Q

Name three ways in which Canadian homes are specially suited for cold climates

A

Possible answers;

  1. They have some sort of heating device
  2. They are well insulated
  3. Windows are generally smaller and east-facing
  4. Doors and windows are tightly sealed
  5. Roofs are stronger to withstand heavy snowfall

Science 10-1 (3 decks)

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