ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY Flashcards
(42 cards)
While it explores some ideas that have roots in classical thought, this literature is largely a response to two almost simultaneous events: the end of the ____________, which compelled a rethinking of the concept of security
Cold War (1989–92)
mobilized scientific evidence of global environmental change into a global policy agenda widely regarded as urgent and vital.
the 1992 Rio Earth Summit
The Peloponnesian War and Plato’s Republic
Thucydides
eighteenth century demographer
Thomas Malthus
the contemporary formulation of the idea that there is a connection between the health of our natural environment and the security of individual persons, societies and even the biosphere emerges in the context of the environmental movement
1960s and 1970s
Rachel Carson’s seminal book
Silent Spring (1962)
which problematized the use and abuse of pesticides in the countryside by showing the devastating effects of such products on songbirds.
Rachel Carson’s seminal book, Silent Spring (1962)
The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis, 1967)
Lynn White Jr.
The Tragedy of the Commons, 1968),
Garrett Hardin
(The Population Bomb, 1968)
Paul Ehrlich
(The Limits to Growth, 1972).
Donella Meadows
The end of the Cold War (1989–92) and the almost simultaneous global attention given to the environment at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 provided the platform for a rapid expansion of the field and remarkable deepening of its concepts and key terms.
FIELD MATURITY
On the other hand, the idea that environmental stress could be a source of national insecurity, introduced to many practitioners through the__________, ________ began to attract attention.
1987 Brundtland Commission report, Our Common Future,
head of Bern-Zurich group
Günther Baechler
head of Toronto group
Thomas Homer-Dixon
resource scarcity arises in three ways:
-decrease in the supply of a resource
-increase in demand due mainly to population growth
-from structural factors
Their focus is not, however, on the scarcity of renewables, but instead they argue that the biggest driver of environmental violence is the local abundance of non-renewable resources such as ________, _______ and _____.
precious metals, diamonds and oil.
one of four central themes informing the distinct subdiscipline of political ecology.
Environmental conflict
the founding editors of the Journal of Political Ecology
James B. Greenberg and Thomas K. Park
two most important theoretical influences
-political economy
-ecological analysis
insistence on the need to link the distribution of power with productive activity
political economy
its broader vision of bioenvironmental relationships
ecological analysis
have criticized “apolitical” environmental conflict theses (both the environmental scarcity and the environmental abundance and conflict theses).
Political ecologists
Proponents of a human security approach to environmental security tend to argue that the literature that links the environment to conflict “is theoretically rather than empirically driven, and is both a product and legitimation of the North’s security agenda”.
HUMAN SECURITY
