environmental assessment and modification

Question 1

what is a job anaylsis?

Answer 1

the specific components of the work task and the features of the environment in which they mist be completed

Question 2

what does the prefix ergon mean?

Answer 2

work

Question 3

what does nomoi mean?

Answer 3

natural laws

Question 4

what do ergonomist study?

Answer 4

human capabilities in relationship to work demands

Question 5

when do work related musculoskeletal disorder result?

Answer 5

when there is a mismatch between the physical capability of workers and the demands of the job

Question 6

what would be the gold standard or best posture computer work stations for a chair?

Answer 6

seat and backrest should support a comfortable posture
lumbar support
seatpan cushioned with a “waterfall” edge
adjustable armrests should support both forearms during tasks without impeding movements
entire sole of foot should rest on floor
back of knee slightly higher than seat of chair

Question 7

what would be ideal for computer work stations in regards to monitor and document?

Answer 7

keep monitor directly in front of user
topmost line of screen should not be higher than user’s eyes
viewing distance is 18-24”
table depth 30” to accommodate monitor
screen and document holder close together
mouse and keyboard should be close together

Question 8

what would be ideal for computer work stations in regards to keyboard and mouse?

Answer 8

elbows at side
forearms parallel to floor
wrists in neutral (not flexed or extended)
should not have to reach forward to access mouse

Question 9

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the head

Answer 9

Head: level, facing forward, in line with trunk

Question 10

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the head

Answer 10

Head: level, facing forward, in line with trunk

Question 11

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the shoulders

Answer 11

shoulders: relaxed arms at side

Question 12

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the elbows

Answer 12

Elbows: remain close to trunk, bent 90-120 degrees

Question 13

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the forearm

Answer 13

Forearms, wrists, hands: parallel to the floor, straight

Question 14

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the trunk

Answer 14

Trunk: maintain, normal curves of the spine with appropriate lumber support, shoulders and pelvis are level

Question 15

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the hips, thighs

Answer 15

Hips, thighs: well supported with contoured seat, parallel to the floor

Question 16

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the knees

Answer 16

Knees: maintain a level position with a 90 degree angle of flexion, knees generally at the same height as the hips

Question 17

summarize the ideal position of sitting posture for the feet

Answer 17

Feet: place flat on floor or supported in a slight incline

Question 18

what is accessibility?

Answer 18

the degree to which an environment affords use of its resources with respect to and individual’s level of function

Question 19

what are elements of PT practice?

Answer 19

examination
evaluation
diagnosis
prognosis
intervention
outcome

Question 20

what are some environments to consider?

Answer 20

home, work/school, community

Question 21

what is the intent of universal design?

Answer 21

to simplify life for everyone by making products, communications, and the built environment more usable by as many people as possible to little or no extra cost

Question 22

what are the universal design principles?

Answer 22

equitable use
flexibility in use
simple and intuitive use
perceptible information
tolerance for error
low physical effort
size and space for approach and use

Question 23

what are the universal design principles?

Answer 23

equitable use
flexibility in use
simple and intuitive use
perceptible information
tolerance for error
low physical effort
size and space for approach and use

Question 24

what did the Americans with disabilities act of 1990 do?

Answer 24

guarantees civil rights to individuals with disabilities
designed to provide clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination
title 3 provides for “full and equal enjoyment of goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages or accommodations of any place of public accommodation”
excluded are private clubs and places of worship
new buildings must comply as of 1993
existing structures to make reasonable accommodations

Question 25

for the ADA what does title 1 effect?

Answer 25

employment

Question 26

for the ADA what does title 2 effect?

Answer 26

public services

Question 27

for the ADA what does title 3 effect?

Answer 27

public accommodations

Question 28

for the ADA what does title 4 effect?

Answer 28

telecommunications

Question 29

for the ADA what does title 5 effect?

Answer 29

miscellaneous

Question 30

what did the architectural barriers act 1968 do?

Answer 30

created national commission on architectural barriers- no enforcement power

Question 31

what did the rehabilitation act of 1973 do?

Answer 31

created compliance board to enforce architectural barriers act

Question 32

what did the fair housing act 1988 do?

Answer 32

applies accessibility guidelines to residential buildings

Question 33

what did the IDEA do?

Answer 33

free and appropriate education for all children

Question 34

what are environmental modifications we can make?

Answer 34

assistive devices or adaptive equipment safety devices structural alterations modification or altered location of environmental objects task modification

Question 35

what do we consider for home assessment for route of entry/arrival?

Answer 35

choose most accessible entrance driveway/sidewalks- smooth and level surfaces, adequate lighting

Question 36

what do we consider for home assessment for stairs?

Answer 36

all steps should have uniform riser heights and uniform tread risers should be a maximum of 7 inches in height stairs treads should be no less than 11 inches open risers are not permitted on accessible routes risers should be sloped or the underside of the nosing should have an angle not less than 60 degrees from the horizontal nosing should project no more than 1.5 inches non skid surface

Question 37

what do we consider for home assessment for handrails for stairs?

Answer 37

continuous along both sides of stairs- if not then must extend 12 inches beyond the top riser and at least 12 inches plus the width of one tread beyond the bottom riser space between handrail and wall 1.5" diameter of gripping surface of handrail 1.25"-1.5" mounted 30-34" above floor surface

Question 38

what do we consider for home assessment for ramps?

Answer 38

slope- 1 inch rise requires 12 inches of run landings- for every 30 inches of rise, level 36-42" long landing width of ramp- at least 36" small curb/lip (2 inches ) along sides of ramp surface texture to minimize slipping

Question 39

what do we consider for home assessment for handrails for ramps?

Answer 39

if ramp has greater than 6" then must have railings on both sides should not be continuous throughout space between handrail and wall 1.5" top of handrail should be mounted 30-34" above ramp surfaces

Question 40

what are some mechanical lifts for route of entry?

Answer 40

vertical platform lifts stairway inclined lifts elevator

Question 41

what should the platform be for entry?

Answer 41

5' by 5' and clear area at the door at same elevation as entry floor level

Question 42

what should doors be for entry?

Answer 42

a minimum of 32" with the door opened to 90º

Question 43

summarize how doors should be for entry

Answer 43

doorways should be a minimum of 32" with the door opened to 90º thresholds at should not exceed: .75" for residential doors, .5" for all other types doors maximum force for pushing or pulling: exterior hinged doors: 8.5 lbf, interior hinged doors: 5lbf sliding/folding doors: 5 lbf may consider kick plate

Question 44

for door handles what is preferred?

Answer 44

lever or paddle preferred

Question 45

for interior accessibility what in the minimum for hallways?

Answer 45

minimum clear width for single wheelchair passage shall be 36" with 32" at any door frame minimum clear width for 2 wheelchairs is 60" turning space required for a wheelchair to make a 180º turn is a clear space of 60"

Question 46

what is the turning radius for a wheelchair?

Answer 46

5'

Question 47

for interior accessibility what should be considered for floors?

Answer 47

Ground and floor surfaces along accessible routes shouldbe stable, firm and slip resistant Changes in level > .5” require an edge treatment (bevelededge) all rugs and tile should be securely attached to floor maximum carpet pile .5"

Question 48

for interior accessibility what should be considered for bed?

Answer 48

Stationary with ample space for transfers Appropriate height for transfers Bedside table* Lamp, phone, medications... Closet Portable commode, urinal, bedpan

Question 49

for interior accessibility what should be considered for bathrooms?

Answer 49

transfer to chair with casters elevated toilet seat grab bars tub transfer bench non-skid bathmat hand held shower

Question 50

for interior accessibility what should be considered for bathroom grab bars at toilets?

Answer 50

toilet- mounted 33- 36” from floor 42-54” along side toilet 24-36” on back wall behind toilet

Question 51

for interior accessibility what should be considered for bathroom grab bars at tubs?

Answer 51

Tub- mounted 33-36” from tubfloor 48” along side of tub 24” along foot end of tub 12” on head end of tub

Question 52

for interior accessibility what should be considered for bathroom heights?

Answer 52

Toilet Seat height 17-19” from floor Sink height Not less than 29 inches high Other: Not greater than 40increase from bottom of mirror or paper dispenser/hand dryer

Question 53

what is the necessary for wheelchair clearance for under the sink?

Answer 53

17"

Question 54

what needs to be considered for community accessibility for parking?

Answer 54

spaces min of 96” adjacent access aisle of 60” clearly marked as reserved parking area