Environmental Determinants of Health

Question 1

What are the (5) Environmental Determinants of Health?

Answer 1

• Biological
• Chemical
• Physical
• Ergonomics
• Psychosocial

Question 2

What vapor measurements are considered to be highly volatile?

Answer 2

VP>=1mmHg

Question 3

What is the vapor density of air?

Answer 3

1

Question 4

[Identify] how body handles the toxic agent

Answer 4

Toxicokinetics

Question 5

[Identify] What the toxic agent does to the body

Answer 5

Toxicodynamics

Question 6

How does mercury affect health?

Answer 6

affect CNS, reproductive system, developmental defects, kidney impairment,

Question 7

How does cadmium affect health?

Answer 7

kidney and bone involvement

Question 8

How does marine toxins affect health?

Answer 8

affect NS and GI

Question 9

[Identify] How toxic agents produce illness

Answer 9

Pathophysyiology

Question 10

“will this agent stay long in the environment, will it

die immediately?” the question is referring to

Answer 10

Bioaccumulation

Question 11

[Identify] contact between hazardous agent and a target such as person, plant, animal, or other receptor of interest

Answer 11

Exposure

Question 12

[Identify] the amount of a hazardous substance in an

environmental medium or consumer product; the rate of contact with the substance

Answer 12

Magnitude

Question 13

[Identify] period of time over which an individual or

population may be exposed; ranges from short (in seconds) to long (lifetime)

Answer 13

Duration

Question 14

[Identify] the persistence of exposure over a certain
duration of time; contact could be rare. intermittent or
continuous.

Answer 14

Frequency

Question 15

[Identify] period of vulnerability; e.g. congenital anomalies

Answer 15

Timing

Question 16

[Identify] The course that an agent follows from the source to the receptor

Answer 16

Exposure Pathway

Question 17

[Identify] Type of exposure pathway wherein agent doesn’t reach the receptor, reducing the risk

Answer 17

Incomplete

Question 18

[Identify] Type of exposure pathway wherein agent reaches the receptor

Answer 18

Complete

Question 19

When will exposure be internal?

Answer 19

When the agent is inside the body. If it’s outside, it is external.

Question 20

Give (4) routes of exposure

Answer 20

air, food, water, skin

Question 21

What is the halflife of DDT?

Answer 21

96years, therefore it stays very long in the environment

Question 22

What was done in the Stockholm convention?

Answer 22

identified 13 key persistent organic pollutants
and drafted ways to remove them from the
environment

Question 23

What could result from nitrate pollution?

Answer 23

methemoglobinemia

Question 24

What self-reported health symptoms are common in land fills?

Answer 24

Respiratory symptoms, irritation of the 
skin, nose, eyes; gastrointestinal 
problems, fatigue, headache, 
psychological problems and allergies
(MSK, GI, Skin)

Question 25

For populations living within 2 kilometres of landfills, there was limited evidence of__________ _________ and ___ _____ ____ with excess risk of 2% and 6% respectively; excess risk becomes higher when sites dealing with toxic wastes were considered

Answer 25

For populations living within 2 kilometres of landfills, there was limited evidence of congenital anomalies and low birth weight with excess risk of 2% and 6% respectively; excess risk becomes higher when sites dealing with toxic wastes were considered

Question 26

People living near incineration areas are in high risk of developing cancer. Which cancers are most common?

Answer 26

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma

Question 27

T/F There was significant association between adverse reproductive outcome (miscarriages) and residence near a landfill site

Answer 27

T

Question 28

In 2010: _______ persons were at risk of exposure to industrial pollutants at ___ toxic waste sites

Answer 28

In 2010: 8,629,750 persons were at risk of exposure to industrial pollutants at 373 toxic waste sites

Question 29

____ and __________ ________collectively accounted for 99.2% of the total DALYs for the chemicals evaluated

Answer 29

Lead and hexavalent chromium collectively accounted for 99.2% of the total DALYs for the chemicals evaluated

Question 30

Which environmental source of pollution contribute the highest DALY?

Answer 30

Battery recycling; because of lead

Question 31

What does DALY mean?

Answer 31

Disability-adjusted-life-years

Question 32

Due to climate change, there Colder and longer __ _____, and hotter and dryer__ _____

Answer 32

Colder and longer La Niña, and hotter | and dryer El Niño

Question 33

True about extreme climate events in the Philippines a. Water contaminations not monitored, especially chemical; focus of monitoring is only microbiological b. Continued multiple use of coal-fire power plants c. increased incidences of typhoons, floods, hurricanes and others is due to change in global climate d. However, there's not much change in the country's overall temperature

Answer 33

D; rise

Question 34

``` algal blooms, plant toxins, virulent strains A. biological stressors B. chemical stressors C. physical stressors D. psychological stressors E. social stressors ```

Answer 34

A

Question 35

``` UV rays, extreme heat A. biological stressors B. chemical stressors C. physical stressors D. psychological stressors E. social stressors ```

Answer 35

C

Question 36

``` displacement of people due to flooding and other environmental hazards A. biological stressors B. chemical stressors C. physical stressors D. psychological stressors E. social stressors ```

Answer 36

E

Question 37

``` pesticides, heavy metals, gases A. biological stressors B. chemical stressors C. physical stressors D. psychological stressors E. social stressors ```

Answer 37

B

Question 38

Anthropogenic forces that contribute to climate change is mostly due to

Answer 38

industrialization

Question 39

* Extreme weather * Effects on ecosystem * Sea-level rise (saliation and storm surges) * Environmental degradation of land and coastal areas are examples of effects on the?

Answer 39

environment

Question 40

How should environmental effects be addressed?

Answer 40

via mitigation

Question 41

* Thermal stress * Microbial proliferation * Changes in vector – pathogen and infectious diseases * Impaired crop and livestock yields, impaired nutrition * Loss of livelihood and displacement leading to poverty, malnutrition and increase risk are examples of

Answer 41

Health Effects

Question 42

How should health effects be addressed?

Answer 42

via adpatation

Question 43

Human Health Conditions Likely To Be Affected By | Climate Change are

Answer 43

``` Asthma, Cancer, CVD and stroke, Food-bourne disease and nutrition, Heat-related Morbidity and Mortality, Human developmental effects, Mental health and stress related disorder, neurological disease, vector-bourne and zoonotic disease, water-borne disease, weather-related mortality and morbidity ```

Question 44

How does lead content in fish products affect pediatric development(Bulacan study)

Answer 44

Decrease IQ in 2 year olds

Question 45

High manganese exposure is linked to which disease?

Answer 45

Parkinsonism

Question 46

Changes in Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases include

Answer 46

 Expansion in vector ranges  Shortening of pathogen incubation period  Disruption and relocation of large human populations

Question 47

Change in Mental Health and Stress-Related Disorders is due to

Answer 47

 Geographic displacement of populations  Damage to properties  Loss of loved ones  Chronic stress

Question 48

Enumerate 3 majoy factors affecting response to environmental change

Answer 48

Agent, Exposure, Human factors

Question 49

Agent factors include

Answer 49

``` characteristics of toxic agents physical (severity) chemical (endocrine disruptors) biological (virulent stains, biotoxins), environmental fate of agent ```

Question 50

Exposure factors include

Answer 50

``` exposure situation (duration, frequency, route, dosage) ```

Question 51

Human factors include

Answer 51

individual characteristics and individual susceptibility