ENVIRONMENTAL FINAL - Unit 1

Question 1

Environment

Answer 1

sum of all conditions that influence life

Question 2

Environmental Science

Answer 2

field of study that looks at human/nature interactions

Question 3

Biotic

Answer 3

living components in an environment

Question 4

Abiotic

Answer 4

non-living components in an environment

Question 5

Sustainability

Answer 5

being able to do something without jeopardizing future generations from doing the same activities

Question 6

Theory

Answer 6

a hypothesis that has repeatedly been confirmed and accepted

Question 7

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 7

states that energy is not created nor destroyed but can change form

Question 8

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 8

states when energy is transformed, the quantity does not change, but the ability to do work diminishes

Question 9

Independent Variable

Answer 9

variable not dependent on other measured factors

Question 10

Dependent Variable

Answer 10

variable dependent on other measured factors

Question 11

What are the four “big ideas” in Environmental Science?

Answer 11

-Energy transfer
-Interactions between Earth’s systems
-Interactions between different species and environment
-Sustainability

Question 12

Energy transfer

Answer 12

ex: food chains, webs

Question 13

interactions between Earth’s systems

Answer 13

ex: carbon exists in many forms due to the bio-geochemical cycle (CO2 and in living organisms) - levels fluctuate as population increases

Question 14

Interactions between different species and environment

Answer 14

ex: species on Earth have interacted for 4.5 million years, humans the past 2.5 - impacts especially with agriculture

Question 15

sustainability

Answer 15

idea of doing things now to not jeopardize the ability of future generations to do similar things

Question 16

systems within systems

Answer 16

the boundaries of an environmental system can be defined by a researchers point of view (or personal viewpoints)

Question 17

What is an environment

Answer 17

sum of all conditions surrounding us that influence life; some natural and some man made
made up of:
-ecosystems, biomes, biotic, and abiotic components
-heavily impacted by human behavior

Question 18

Why is environmental science interdisciplinary

Answer 18

-it borrows from other fields of science

Question 19

General example of human influence

Answer 19

-Convert land from natural state
-change chemistry of water, air, soils (fertilizers)
-change species populations positively and negatively
-technology improvements
-climate change
-population growth

Question 20

zoonotic disease

Answer 20

spreads from animals to humans and vice versa

Question 21

covid-19 and environmental science

Answer 21

-zoonotic disease
-decreased birth rates (rates of birth per thousand people)

-educated us on how humans impact natural environment

Question 22

how did covid-19 impact the natural environment

Answer 22

1) less materials used during the pandemic
2) lower CO2 emissions mitigating climate change
3) return of wildlife

Question 23

Positive human impacts

Answer 23

1) simple home tasks
-unplug devices not in use
-avoid long showers
-regulate ac/heat usage
-turn off light

2) outdoors
-plant trees
-carpool, bike, walk
-no litter
-use homegrown food

3) government
-pass laws to protect environment
-make renewable energy affordable
-unite to reach a common goal
-provide education

Question 24

what is the approximate world population

Answer 24

7.8 billion

Question 25

what is the approximate us population

Answer 25

332 million

Question 26

what is the approximate population of CT

Answer 26

3.6 million

Question 27

factors that control population

Answer 27

exponential growth: -technology -medical advances -improved farming limiting factors: -disease/pollution -crime/conflict -resource shortage -competition

Question 28

most populous countries? (1-3)

Answer 28

1) china 2) india 3) usa

Question 29

population density

Answer 29

number of living things (humans) in a unit area; most cases a square mile or square kilometer

Question 30

why are population densities so concentrated and not spread out more across the globe

Answer 30

proximity to water - trade access limits effects of drought and famine more fertile farmland less extremes of heat

Question 31

after heart disease, what is the second biggest killer worldwide for humans

Answer 31

infectious disease

Question 32

in 2010, worldwide there were 20.3 births and 8.4 deaths per 1,000 individuals. Using this data, calculate the population growth (in percent) for the world in 2010.

Answer 32

1.19%

Question 33

According to your reading, the U.S. average life expectancy is ___ years.

Answer 33

78

Question 34

___________ is the movement of people into another country or region.

Answer 34

immigration

Question 35

If you were to study the demographics of a region, what would you be studying?

Answer 35

human population and population trends

Question 36

What has caused the life expectancy in the United States to decrease by 1-2 years over the past few years?

Answer 36

covid-19

Question 37

t/f Migration is a factor in determining global populations.

Answer 37

false

Question 38

If a country has a high life expectancy rate and the infant mortality rate is low, what can you conclude about this country?

Answer 38

adequate access to health care

Question 39

t/f Infant mortality rates are lower in developed countries and higher in developing countries.

Answer 39

true

Question 40

The _____ is the sum of all conditions that influence life

Answer 40

environment

Question 41

once a reading on the AQI reaches _____, it is considered unhealthy

Answer 41

150

Question 42

What characterizes a disease as zoonotic

Answer 42

it spreads through a vector like a mosquito

Question 43

sustainability is ___________________

Answer 43

allowing an environment to do things without jeopardizing future generations

Question 44

environmental science is ______________ because it borrows ideas from other sciences

Answer 44

interdisciplinary

Question 45

what type of atmospheric pattern set up to draw smoke from the canadian wildfires south

Answer 45

omega block

Question 46

which of the following is not considered one of the big ideas in environmental science energy transfer sustainability interactions between extinct species and levels of carbon in the air interactions between humans and the environment

Answer 46

interactions between extinct species and levels of carbon in the air

Question 47

a rock would be an example of a(n) ________ factor in an environment

Answer 47

abiotic

Question 48

which of the following is true concerning the covid-19 pandemic and the environment

Answer 48

co2 levels dropped on average but not enough to reverse the damage done by previous co2 emissions

Question 49

immigration is ________________________

Answer 49

the movement of people into another country or region

Question 50

which of the following would a demographer study

Answer 50

human population and population trends

Question 51

__________ is the number of deaths per 1000 individuals per year

Answer 51

Crude death rate

Question 52

__________ is the number of births per 1000 individuals per year

Answer 52

Crude birth rate

Question 53

which factor will generally lead to a higher light expectancy in a region

Answer 53

better health care

Question 54

___________ is the difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1000 people in a country

Answer 54

Net migration rate

Question 55

_________ is the process of converting old material into new material

Answer 55

recycling