Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Environmental Health > Environmental Health > Flashcards

Environmental Health Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is Force Health Protection (FHP)?

A

Conservation of the fighting potential of a force so that it is healthy and fully combat capable.
This consists of actions taken to counter the debilitating effects of environment, diseases through preventative measures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main roles of environmental Health?

7

A 
vector and pest control
Op sanitation and waste disposal
Communicable disease prevention and control
Environmental Monitoring
Occupational Health and Safety
Food Hygiene and Safety
Water quality monitoring and analysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who is available for the 1st line of environmental health support?
(3)

A

Unit medical staff
Combat Health Advisors (CHA)
Combat Health Duties (CHD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Key Responsibilities of CHDs

3

A

Apply and maintain Op sanitation measures
Identify and control disease vectors and pests
maintain unit water supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benefits of CHD trained persons?

7

A 
Self sufficiency
proactive pest control
improved sanitation
water safety
lower disease non-battle injuries
maintain Op efficiency
Intelligence tasking of EH teams
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Constraints of CHD personnel

4

A

Lack of space
proximity of sleeping/eating areas
Logistics - low priority
High tempo of activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Key responsibilities of a CHA?

4

A

identify hazards in AOR
Undertake threat assessment / hazard recognition
Implementing FHP measures
Advise the CoC on measures to manage/mitigate risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who is available for 2nd line EH on Ops?

3

A

Single Service EHO
Single Service EHP
UK Med Group EH Team

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3rd Line EH support is provided by?

A

RN- EH Officers
Army - Army regional command environmental health teams
RAF- Station environmental technicians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When further specialist advice or equipment is required the 4th line is provided by?
(4)

A

-Commander field army medical support branch; environmental monitoring teams
-RAF centre of aviation medicine
-Institute of Naval medicine
DMS W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Risk Assessment

A

Helps CMDRS and staff to prioritise and allocate resources for FHP. The primary purpose is to evaluate the importance of health hazards and to compare the risk between different hazards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define a Hazard

A

Anything that can cause harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Risk

A

the probability that someone could be harmed by a hazard (risk= Likelihood x Severity of consequences)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Main FHP hazard categories

3

A

Physical
Chemical
Biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define a DNBI?

A

Disease non-battle injury - a person who is not a battle cas, but who is lost to the organisation by reason of disease or injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two categories of DNBI

Descriptions

A

External; outside control and immediate area eg - Climate, disease, flora/fauna, environmental and industrial hazards

Internal; integral to immediate location and strongly influenced by our actions - eg. Disease, food and water, waste, premises, processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Examples of Population at Risk (PARs)

4

A

friendly forces
LECs
Civ Pop
Pows / detainees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Examples of Audit and Surveillance techniques

5

A 
Local Med Int
EHT Audits
F Med 85
Specific Monitoring
Lab Reports
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reasons to monitor activity

5

A 
Threats and hazards may change
Implementation and effectiveness of control measures
general control
Information training and policy
Medical Counter measures and treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who can contribute to unit risk management

4

A

All deployed personnel
Leaders
Trained Personnel - CHD, CHAs
Medical Personnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Definition of health

A

A state of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Definition of disease

A

Any state that its a departure from positive health, whether that departure is physical or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Impacts of disease on a military force

3

A

Manpower wastage
Unit mission failure
Wastes limited unit resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Two categories of disease and discriptions?

A

Communicable - Transferable, transmitted from an infected host, either directly or indirectly to a susceptible host.

Non-Communicable - non-transferable, cannot be spread from an infected host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Entry points microorganisms can enter the body | 7
``` Eyes Nose Mouth Injection/ingestion Open cuts/sores Genitals Anus ```
26
Potential sources of disease and discriptions | 5
Case - Individual with S/S of a disease Carrier - Apparently healthy, can transmit pathogens Contact - Exposure to disease Corpse - dead for decaying Convalescent - recovering but still infectious
27
Potential routes of diseases with examples | 4
Airborne - flu, covid Ingestion - Polio, cholera Contact/Animal - Rabies Arthropod - Malaria, yellow fever
28
The Target is described as:
A healthy but susceptible human
29
Ingestion Bourne Diseases Mode of Spread- Types of Contamination- How does Contamination Occur
Mode - entry into body via mouth Types - Chemical (Lead, Mercury) Physical (Glass, Paint) Biological (Pathogens) How - pests, poor hygiene, poor waste disposal, poor food handling
30
Common Ingestion Bourne Diseases | WILDCATGP
``` Worms Leptospirosis Dysentery Cholera Amoebic Dysentery Typhoid schistosomiasis Gastroenteritis Polio ```
31
Control of an Ingestion Bourne Disease
SOURCE- Isolation, Treatment, Health Education, Notifications, Disinfection ROUTE- Treatment/protection of water, good waste disposal, good food hygiene, camp siting, cleanliness of environment/person, insect/rodent control TARGET- Health Education, immunisation/vaccination, prevent exposure, good hygiene, eat/drink at approved sources
32
Airborne Diseases Mode of Spread Common Diseases
Mode of spread - Droplets, Inhalation of droplets, 3 sizes (Heavy, medium, nuclei) Meningitis, Influenza, Common Cold, Legionella, TB, Small Pox, MMR, Anthrax, Diphtheria, Q fever, Chicken Pox
33
Control of Airborne Disease | Source, Route, Target
SOURCE- Isolation, treatment of cases, dispose of corpses, contact tracing ROUTE- Personal/Communal Hygiene, Damp Dusting, Barriers, prevent overcrowding, Bed Spacing TARGET- Health Education, immunisation/vaccination, prevent exposure, hygiene
34
Arthropod borne diseases Mode of Spread (2) Common Diseases
Biological - insect bites Mechanical - contact with food Malaria, yellow fever, plague, dengue fever, lymes disease, Zika virus.
35
Definition of an infestation
the presence of an unusually large number of insects/animals in a place that can cause damage or disease
36
Two Types of insecticide and equipment
Residual - compressor sprayer Knockdown - Swingfog
37
Contact Borne Diseases Mode of Spread Diseases of military significance
Modes- Direct - Via direct contact w/ infected person or animal Indirect - via fomites STIs, Scabies, Rabies, Q fever, Fungal skin Infection, Impetigo, Verruca
38
Control of Contact Bourne Diseases | Source, Route, Target
SOURCE- Isolation, treatment of cases, dispose of corpses, health education, contact tracing, disinfection ROUTE- Direct; abstinence, monogamy, STD checks, avoid infected animals, don't use prostitutes. Indirect; Disinfect ablutions, wash bedding/clothes, don't share kit, wear flip flops. TARGET- Health education, immunisation/vaccination, personal hygiene.
39
What is a notifiable disease? How is it reported? Who is it reported to?
A Disease that is required by law to be reported to Gov't authorities. FMED 85 sent upon provisional diagnosis and again at confirmation/de-notification SO2 Health Protection and Proper Officer
40
What is an outbreak?
Two or more cases of a communicable disease with are, or may be linked, by time and/or space
41
Outbreak investigation is necessary for what reasons? | 6
``` To assist in confirming outbreaks Asses scale and extent of outbreak Prevent further spread Investigate origin Lessons to be learnt Statutory requirements ```
42
An initial outbreak investigation as 1st line support will include what 4 phases?
Prelim Communication Confirm Notification Control Measures
43
If a disease outbreak is confirmed what actions should be carried out? (7)
``` Collect Specimens Conduct Camp Visit/inspection Conduct Interviews with approved questionnaire Identify common factors Prelim decision on outbreak Consider Public health risk Initiate immediate control measures ```
44
`What is the purpose of good waste management? | 4
Minimise risk of disease prevent food/water contamination Discourage pest vectors Maintain comfort and morale
45
Types of waste generated in the field
``` USSR Urine Soil Sullage Refuse ```
46
Types of camp and time frames | 4
Short halt - 24hrs Temporary - 24hrs - 7 Days Semi-Permanent- 7 days to 6 months Permanent - 6 months +
47
Temporary Camp Improvised Appliances
U - shallow trench urinal S - Shallow trench latrine S- Improvised Grease strainer and soakage pit R- Refuse/Ash Pit
48
Semi-Permanent Camp Improvised Appliances
U- Funnel, Trough, female urinals S- Deep Trench Latrine, receptacle, bucket latrines S- Strainer/Grease trap - Evaporation pans/drainage R- Incinerators
49
Basic principles of Camp siting | 4
Front of camp faces prevailing wind Accommodation at the front Sanitary facilities downwind of accommodation Latrines away from water/kitchen
50
Safety precautions to reduce the risk of clinical waste hazards (7)
``` good personal hygiene use gloves wear gloves when disinfecting change gloves after each task eye pro + masks gowns/aprons/labcoats Minimise contact with waste ```
51
What is the purpose of water purification in the military?
To prevent disease by removing disease causing organisms, therefore maintaining force effectiveness.
52
Two types of water impurities and examples
Suspended- leaves, sand, worms, sewage Dissolved- poisons, detergents, salts, heavy metals
53
Diseases associated with water
WILDCATSGP ``` Worms Infectious Hep Leptospirosis Dysentery Cholera Amebic Dysentery Typhoid Schistosomiasis Gastroenteritis Polio ```
54
6 Principles of Water purification
``` Selection of source Clarification Disinfection Contact period Test De-Taste ```
55
Basic considerations of how much water to provide
10 litres per day minimum | 25 optimum
56
What are the considerations relating to the quality of the water
Quantity vs quality ``` Oxygenated Large wide stream Up stream of human habitation Up stream of industry Limited vegetation ```
57
Two methods of clarifying water
Filtration- mechanical vs Improvised Sedimentation - passive vs Chemical
58
Two methods of disinfecting water
Physical Chemical - calcium hyperclorite 65% 4G per 225 litres
59
Water contact period is normally 15 minutes. When would it increase to 30? (3)
Below 5 degrees Schistosomiasis in the area If check kit is unavailable
60
When testing water how much chlorine should be present at the end of the contact period.
5.0mg/L | 5ppm
61
What chemical is added to de-taste water?
Sodium Thiosulphate pentahydrate crystals | 2g per 225ltrs
62
What is EPiNato and why do we need it?
A disease surveillance program used by NATO overseas It is used to interpret disease and injury trends via standardised collection of patient data
63
What does EPINATO allow commanders to do? | 6
Evaluate Op capabilities Choose appropriate medical counter measures Know the risk areas where conducting ops Develop early warning systems for bio and chemical threats To detect outbreaks at an early stage To have a comprehensive surveillance system of the health events and environmental exposure of a deployed force
64
What are the military impacts of climatic injuries? | 6
``` Can kill Downgrading/morbidity Medical discharge Loss of Op Effectiveness Waste of limited resources Mission failure ```
65
What is a localised cold injury? What are the two types of localised cold injury?
When individual body parts are exposed to cold, leading to damage FCI, NFCI
66
What are the two most common types of freezing cold injury
Frost Nip Frost Bite
67
Signs and symptoms of a local NFCI (trench foot)
Numbness in extremities Pain Pins and needles

Environmental Health (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions