Environmental Health Programs

Question 1

CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
Impurities in suspension

Answer 1

Physical: Turbidity

Question 2

CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
Imparted by substances present in solution

Answer 2

Physical: Color

Question 3

CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
This is only expressed qualitatively

Answer 3

Physical: Taste and odor

Question 4

CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
What are the chemical characteristics of water?

Answer 4

pH
Hardness
Total solid content (mineral impurities)

Question 5

CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
What causes hardness of water

Answer 5

Calcium and magnesium

Question 6

CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
Determines the kind of microscopic life that are responsible for odor and taste of water

Answer 6

Biological

Question 7

CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
An index of pollution degree of water source

Answer 7

Biological impurities

Question 8

CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
Most important single test to find out if water is potentially dangerous (“indicator organisms”)

Answer 8

Bacteriological testing

Question 9

CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
What are the bodies of water that are principal sources of radium and radon?

Answer 9

Deep wells
Ground water
Mineral springs

Question 10

Parts/components of initial water examination
These are done before operation of newly constructed system or sources for public use

Answer 10

Physical
Chemical
Biological
Radiological

Question 11

When are periodic bacteriological water examinations done?

Answer 11

As often as possible but interval not more than 6 months

Question 12

When are periodic general systemic chemical water examinations done?

Answer 12

Every 12 months

Question 13

When are periodic radioactive contamination water examinations done?

Answer 13

Every year

Question 14

Drinking water supply protective measures

Answer 14

• The following are not allowed within 25 meters of drinking water supply
*Washing clothes and bathing
*Source of pollution
*Radioactive materials

• Any physical connection between distribution system from public water supply to any other water supply

• Installatiin of booster pump on areas with low water pressures

Question 15

HOUSEHOLD METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT:
Heating water for 10-20 mins (>2 mins at 100C will kill most disease causing germs like cholera)

Answer 15

Boiling

Question 16

HOUSEHOLD METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT:
Allow impurities to settle for 30 min-1 hr then pour top part in new clean container

Answer 16

Sedimentation

Question 17

HOUSEHOLD METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT:
Use of aluminum sulfate (tawas) crystals to form precipitates of impurities and then allowing them to settle at bottom of container

Answer 17

Flocculation and sedimentation

Question 18

HOUSEHOLD METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT:
Transfer of water from 1 container to another OR stirring water to create turbulence

Answer 18

Aeration

Question 19

HOUSEHOLD METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT:
Use of cloth and sand filters

Answer 19

Filtration

Question 20

HOUSEHOLD METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT:
What are the 2 types of chemical disinfection of water

Answer 20

Chlorination - most common, powerful germicide, combined with suspended organic matter

Tincture of iodine - 2 drips/1L of water

Question 21

What are the 4 major categories od water-related diseases?

Answer 21

1. Water borne disease
2. Water-washed diseases
3. Water-based diseases
4. Water-related insect-diseases

Question 22

WATER RELATED DISEASES:
Transmitted by contaminated drinking water (water is already contaminated)

Answer 22

Water borne disease
(Microbic or non-microbic)

Question 23

WATER RELATED DISEASES:
Transmitted from person to person due to inadequate water supply for personal hygiene and or domestic cleaning (e.g., scabies, lice, typhus, trachoma conjunctivitis, hookworm)

Answer 23

Water-washed diseases

Question 24

WATER RELATED DISEASES:
Caused by agents spread by contact with or ingestion of water (e.g. Schistosomiasis, leptospirosis)

Answer 24

Water-based diseases

Question 25

WATER RELATED DISEASES: Transmitted by insects harboring in water (e.g., dengue, filariasis, malaria, onchocerciasis, Japanese encephalitis)

Answer 25

Water related insect-vector diseases

Question 26

TREATMENT OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY: Most important single treatment

Answer 26

Chlorination

Question 27

TREATMENT OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY: What are the Components of Complete Standard Water Treatment?

Answer 27

1. Coagulation 2. Sedimentation 3. Rapid sand filtration 4. Chlorination

Question 28

TREATMENT OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY: Components of Complete Standard Water Treatment Use of chemical such as alum to form flocs

Answer 28

Coagulation

Question 29

TREATMENT OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY: Components of Complete Standard Water Treatment Allowing flocs to settle

Answer 29

Sedimentation

Question 30

TREATMENT OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY: Components of Complete Standard Water Treatment Settled water is filtered through sand and rained to filtered water reservoir

Answer 30

Rapid sand filtration

Question 31

TREATMENT OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY: Components of Complete Standard Water Treatment Done using an appropriate water reservoir

Answer 31

Chlorination

Question 32

Degree of water treatment for bacterial coliform <50

Answer 32

Chlorination alone

Question 33

Degree of water treatment for bacterial coliform 50-5,000

Answer 33

Standard complete treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, chlorination)

Question 34

Degree of water treatment for bacterial coliform 5,000-50,000

Answer 34

Double treatment

Question 35

Degree of water treatment for bacterial coliform >50,000

Answer 35

Look for another source

Question 36

Main culprit of Great Smog of London (Dec 5-9, 1952)

Answer 36

Sulfur dioxide (Industrial pollution and high-pressure weather conditions)

Question 37

Particle sizes from air pollution and their fate in the respiratory tract

Answer 37

>10 um - filtered by the nose and pharynx, cleared by nasal secretion >2 um - <10 um - deposited in tracheobronchial tree 1-2 um - deposited in alveolar sacs

Question 38

How to create sanitary landfill?

Answer 38

Alternate layer refuse and earth fill (soil cover of 2-3 feet)

Question 39

COMMUNITY REFUSE DISPOSAL METHODS Use of air pumps and frequent turning

Answer 39

Aerobic composting

Question 40

COMMUNITY REFUSE DISPOSAL METHODS Burying organic material

Answer 40

Anaerobic composting

Question 41

COMMUNITY REFUSE DISPOSAL METHODS Applying pressure to garbage to remove oils, grease, and fats

Answer 41

Reduction and salvage