environmental illness Flashcards
(33 cards)
what does the hypothalamus control?
part of the brain that controls thermal regulation, which affects the body to remain at a constant core temperature.
how does vastconstricion and dilation affect the homeostasis of the body?
vasodilation
- we start sweating which releases the heat, which helps reduce our temperature.
vasoconstriction
- the blood vessel constrict so the blood pushes against the walls helping generate more heat, which we shiver in order to raise our body temperature.
what are 4 mechanisms of heat loss?
- conduction
- (heat is lost through direct contact with something solid or a liquid) - convection
- (flowing water or air removes heat. Fan pushing air over the skin0 - radiation
- (through space. air) - evaporation
- (change from liquid to gas. sweating)
how is sweating affected in a cold ad warm environment?
cold environment.
- reduce sweating as much as possible.
- if your sitting on the bench/side layer up to stay warm. if your playing layer down.
hot environment.
- evaporating heat loss will help the body to stay at a regular temperature.
- if sweat does not evaporate, it will not cause cooling.
2 ways the body regulates body temperature in a cold environment?
- vasoconstriction
then - shivering (if vasoconstriction does not work then shivering takes place to try and warm the body up)
7 factors that affect regulation of body temperature?
- temperature of the surrounding air or water
- air humidity
- wind speed
- physiological factors, ex heat production
- clothing properties. (what type of clothing is being used)
- total insulation (body fat)
- skin moisture.
what is wind chill?
- it is the actual temperature + the ambient temperature, based off of the wind in a cold environment.
what is heat and humidity?
- heat and humidity combine to increase heat stress.
- is an increase in apparent temperature which increases the heat stress on the body.
6 causes of heat and/ or cold related illnesses?
- exercise in extreme tempetkres
- exercise in clothing or gear that inhibits heat exchange
- working indoors in hot, humid or poorly ventilated areas
- exposure to cold temp, exaggerated by wet or windy conditions
- footwear is too tight
- reaction in cold, wet, or windy conditions.
who does heat related illnesses affect?
anyone working, playing, or unable to regulate body temperature in hot conditions.
what are 3 heat related illnesses?
- heat cramps
- heat exhaustion
- heat stroke
what are heat cramps?
- painful spasm of the the skeletal muscles that occur after periods of physical exertion in warm or moderate tempetkres.
what are 2 causes of heat cramps?
- profuse sweating during exercise.
then - lack of hydration.
player can RTP once the cramps have stopped.
what is heat exhaustion? (vasodilation)
- the body temperature rises and thermoregulatory responses are activated to compensate.
- patient temperature might be slightly higher than normal.
- patient loses fluid through sweating, which decreases blood volume.
- blood flow is reduced to vital organs
does a player with heat exhaustion RTP? why or why not?
No. because the player needs to allow their body temperature to reduce and come back down to a normal temperature. a payer who plays through heat exhaustion is at a higher risk for heat stroke which can be deadly.
what is heat stroke?
- the body system is completely overwhelmed from the heat.
- occurs when s/s of heat exhaustion are ignored.
- sweating stops Bec the body fluid levels are too low and the body cannot actively cool itself.
-bodys core tmpeture rises above 40.
what are s/s of heat cramps, exhaustion, stroke?
-* = call 911/ hospital.
CRAMPS
- moist warm skin
- muscle contractions (mild - sev)
- mental, pulse, respiration are normal vital signs.
EXHAUSTION
- moist warm skin
- headache, weakness, exhaustion
- nausea, vomitting
- * fainting.
- anxiety
-* dizziness
- pulse, respiratoion are normal
STROKE
-* dry and hot skin
-* seizure, coma, severe headache
-* altered behaviour, irritable, aggressive, bizzarre mental activity.
-* pulse rapid or weak
-* respiration rapid or shallow.
3 types of cold related illnesses?
- frostnip
- frost bite
- hypothermia
what is frostnip?
- frostnip is where the superficial extremities of the body begin to freeze.
- is also a very minor form of frostbite.
- can be treated by warming the area against the skin or warm water.
what are s/s of frostnips?
- skin appears pale
- pain or stinging in the area
what is frostbite?
- it is when the water inside and between the cells begin to freeze and swell.
- blood vessels and nerves become damaged.
what are s/s of frostbite?
- skin appears white or waxy
- skin is cold and hard to the touch
- lack of feeling in affected area
- after thaw, person may experience burning, redness, pain, tenderness and blisters.
what is the difference between superficial and deep frostbit?
superficial
- clear blisters may develop after thaw.
- small amount of tissue lost or no tissue at all.
- minimal damage to the dermis.
Deep
- hemorrhagic blisters may develop, that appear dark red.
- likely result in tissue loss
how do you treat someone with frostbite?
- handle the affected area gently.
- DO NOT rub hand together or apply snow or ice.
- THAW the area only if you know it won’t freeze again.
- submerge in a container for warm water.
- put gauze between the fingertips that way they heal individually.
