ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION

Question 1

Kinds of environmental modifications:

Answer 1

Size
Distance
Color
Lighting
Glare
Contrast

Question 2

Environmental modifications are best achieved by:

Answer 2

Site visits to the patient’s environment

Providing education to the patient on various ways in which he/she can optimize lighting and contrast

Question 3

Environmental modifications ideally should be considered at two levels

Answer 3

1. In the individual’s general environment
2. In specific tasks performed within the environment

Question 4

Examples of size modifications

Answer 4

Large print books
Large print cards
Larger clocks
Larger calculators

Question 5

T/F
Physical enlargement of the object produces a small retinal image

Answer 5

F- enlargement

Question 6

T/F
Decrease in distance of object can produce enlarged retinal image

Answer 6

T

Question 7

The role of color is important in:

Answer 7

Warning of hazards

Indicating change in surface or level

Question 8

Colour modifications

Answer 8

Bright colors
Solid bright colors
A walkway painted on the floor for incoming/outgoing traffic
Bright color cards attached to hangers
Bright light, appropriately applied

Question 9

When considering lighting modifications in LV patients, we are concerned with two aspects:

Answer 9

Amount of light
The level of glare produced

Question 10

Lighting requirement for a patient with cataract

Answer 10

High

Question 11

Lighting requirement for a patient with DR

Answer 11

Moderate

Question 12

Lighting requirement for a patient with Glaucoma

Answer 12

Moderate

Question 13

Lighting requirement for a patient with Macular degeneration

Answer 13

Varies usually brighter

Question 14

Lighting requirement for a patient with RP

Answer 14

Moderate to bright

Question 15

Sensitivity to light for a patient with Cataract

Answer 15

High

Question 16

Sensitivity to light for a patient with DR

Answer 16

Moderate

Question 17

Sensitivity to light for a patient with Glaucoma

Answer 17

Moderate

Question 18

Sensitivity to light for a patient with Macular degeneration

Answer 18

High

Question 19

Sensitivity to light for a patient with RP

Answer 19

High

Question 20

The modification of lighting can be determined by the

Answer 20

Inverse square law

Question 21

Advantages of natural light

Answer 21

Most natural type of light
Appropriate for many tasks

Question 22

Advantages of incandescent light

Answer 22

Readily available in a large variety of wattages

Light is concentrated

Better for “spot lighting” on near tasks

Light does not “flicker” like fluorescent light

Question 23

Advantages of fluorescent light

Answer 23

Better for general room lighting

Illuminates a wider area than incandescent light

Does not create shadows

Cooler than incandescent

Question 24

Advantages of combination incandescent and fluorescent light

Answer 24

Can be combined to create a comfortable environment

Approximates natural light

Some lamps come in socket for both types of bulbs

Question 25

Advantages of halogen lights

Answer 25

Brighter than incandescent light Gives more illumination and uses lower wattage More energy-efficient than regular incandescent light bulbs

Question 26

Advantages of LED lights

Answer 26

High efficiency Do not produce external heat Very long lifetime

Question 27

Disadvantages of natural light

Answer 27

Inconsistent Creates glare Creates shadows Changes throughout the day

Question 28

Disadvantages of incandescent light

Answer 28

Not recommended for general room lighting Can create shadows and glare Becoming unavailable High energy consumption

Question 29

Disadvantages of fluorescent lighting

Answer 29

Light is not stable; can flicker Can’t be dimmed as easily as incandescent light

Question 30

Glare can be described in three ways

Answer 30

Disability Discomfort Environmental

Question 31

Arises from problems with the ocular media like the cornea or lens

Answer 31

Disability glare

Question 32

Refers to stray light that reduces visual comfort

Answer 32

Discomfort glare

Question 33

Refers to glare which results in poor resolution of the retinal image

Answer 33

Environmental Glare

Question 34

It may be caused by glossy pages or particles in the air or on the viewing surface

Answer 34

Environmental Glare

Question 35

Signs and notices

Answer 35

Bathroom signs not sensitive to patients with LV Bathroom signs that display better contrast Well-contrasted signs

Question 36

Interior design

Answer 36

Wide entrance door Automatic sliding doors must have distinctive warning strips on door Use color or images to distinguish between doors and sidelights Staircase should bear high contrast nosing and handrails Tactile map with Braille A well-demarcated and contrasted door

Question 37

Exterior design

Answer 37

Signposts, lighting columns, litter bins and seating should be out of the line of pedest travel A well-contrasted walkway with light posts Placement of vegetation as boundary indicators High contrast guide paths are required Placement of tactile tile as path indicators Electronic card readers Tactile map with audio device

Question 38

Designs to increase mobility outdoor

Answer 38

− Infrared transmission system − Satellite navigation system − Global positioning system − Universal mobile telecommunication system − Vision substitution

Question 39

Designs to increase mobility indoor

Answer 39

− Talking sign post − Easy Walker

Question 40

Designs to increase mobility in government policy

Answer 40

Tactile maps Tactile guide paths Tactile signs for toilets