Environmental Pathology

Question 1

Children account of ____% of injury form chemical agents.

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

What does CLADME stand for?

Answer 2

Concentration, liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 3

Aspirin can be fatal in kids with _____ dose.

Answer 3

2-4 grams

Question 4

Acetaminophen OD requires large ingestions such as _____ and can cause _______.

Answer 4

15-20 grams, liver damage/failure or death.

Question 5

What are examples of Non-therapeutic injurious agents?

Answer 5

Lead

Question 6

What does lead do?

Answer 6

Lead blocks or hinders incorporation of Fe ++ into hemoglobin

• develops anemia
• GI tract colicky pain
• Kidney damage
• Neurologic disturbances range from mild learning disabilities to sensory and motor deficits (wrist drop and foot drop).

Question 7

%___ of lead is taken up by developing bones and teeth.

Answer 7

85% (Gingival hyper pigmentation = “lead line” of soft tissue).

Question 8

What are the CDC guidelines for lead?

Answer 8

Concern for >5ug/dl

*Chelation therapy intimated when >45g/dl

Question 9

______ drugs are know to cause bruxism.

Answer 9

Club drugs, Special K, LSD, ecstasy, roofies…

Question 10

What are examples of injurious physical agents?

Answer 10

Mechanical trauma
Thermal
- Hyperthermia
- Hypothermia (burns 5000 deaths a year in U.S)

Question 11

What is the burn rule of 9s?

Answer 11

Head and neck = 9%
Trunk front = 18%
Trunk back = 18%
Arms = 9% each (hands 1% each)
Legs = 18% each
Perineum = 1%