ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2ND EXAMINATION

Question 1

It is the entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn from a different group of individuals.

Answer 1

Population

Question 2

A _____ is referring to an entire group of people of different races, sexuality, and status; objects like material things; events like social gatherings; hospital or school visitations, and measurements of a distinct boundary.

Answer 2

Population.

Question 2

It is the measurement of the given population over volume respondents.

Answer 2

Population Density

Question 2

It refers to the shift in the history of birth and death rates in society because of the absence of science and technology advancements. There is also an issue on the economic and educational development, particularly in women that may cause the ______ _______

Answer 2

Demographic Transition

Question 3

It is frequently applied to living organisms, most of the time, to humans.

Answer 3

Population Density

Question 4

It is a key geographical term.

Answer 4

Population Density

Question 5

It is referring to the number of death in a given population over some time.

Answer 5

Mortality Rate

Question 6

It is a ratio of males to females in a population. In most sexually reproducing species, the rate tends to be 1:1.

Answer 6

Sex Ratio

Question 6

it is referring in two ways; human demography has the potential for the reproduction of a listed population as opposed to a single organism. For the study in the biological community, it is similar to fertility, wherein it is a natural way to produce offspring.

Answer 6

Fecundity

Question 7

is referring to the statistical features of the human population. The demographic analysis can cover whole societies or groups comprising education, nationality, religion, and ethnicity.

Answer 7

Demography

Question 8

It is referring to the movement of people of different sectors from one country to another with the intention of the new location, new work or employer, or for greener pasture.

Answer 8

Migration

Question 9

is a general term meaning the occurrence of disease and illness in a population.

Answer 9

Morbidity

Question 9

The movement is often over long distances and from one country to another, but internal ____ within the city is also possible; indeed, this is the dominant form globally.

Answer 9

migration

Question 10

is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A _____ (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types.

Answer 10

taxonomy

Question 10

is all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area— the variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world.

Answer 10

Biodiversity

Question 11

refers to the number of people living in a particular area, from a village to the world as a whole.

Answer 11

Human population

Question 12

The world population now stands at around _____ billion inhabitants, having reached 7 billion milestones in 2011. Demographers expect the 8 billion breakthroughs in 2023, nine (9) billion by 2037, and projected as high as ten
(10) billion in the year 2056.

Answer 12

7.8

Question 13

The world population now stands at around 7.8 billion inhabitants, having reached 7 billion milestones in 2011. Demographers expect the 8 billion breakthroughs in ____, nine (9) billion by 2037, and projected as high as ten
(10) billion in the year 2056.

Answer 13

2023

Question 14

The world population now stands at around 7.8 billion inhabitants, having reached 7 billion milestones in 2011. Demographers expect the 8 billion breakthroughs in 2023, nine (9) billion by ___, and projected as high as ten
(10) billion in the year 2056.

Answer 14

2037

Question 14

The world population now stands at around 7.8 billion inhabitants, having reached 7 billion milestones in 2011. Demographers expect the 8 billion breakthroughs in 2023, nine (9) billion by 2037, and projected as high as ten
(10) billion in the year ____.

Answer 14

2056

Question 15

The human population is so huge that percentages are too crude a measure, so it is common to state these rates in terms of the number per 1,000, referring to the ____ ____. Thus, we have the crude birth rate, crude death rate, and crude growth rate.

Answer 15

crude rate

Question 16

A _____ is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area. Members of a ____ often rely on the same resources, are subject to similar environmental constraints, and depend on the availability of other members to persist over time.

Answer 16

population

Question 17

As a tool for objectively studying populations, population ecologists rely on a series of statistical measures, known as _____ ______, to describe that population

Answer 17

demographic parameters

Question 18

The field of science interested in collecting and analyzing demographic parameters is termed population demographics, also known as ______.

Answer 18

demography

Question 19

_______ can include any statistical factors that influence population growth or decline, but several parameters are particularly important: population size, density, age structure, fecundity (birth rates), mortality (death rates), and sex ratio.

Answer 19

Demographics

Question 20

Broadly defined, ______ is the study of the characteristics of populations. It provides a mathematical description of how those characteristics change over time.

Answer 20

demography

Question 21

The rise in the number of people on Earth is referred to as ____ ____

Answer 21

population growth.

Question 22

The vast variety of life on Earth is referred to as _____. It can be applied more precisely to all the species found in a certain area or environment. Every living creature, including plants, microorganisms, animals, and people, is referred to as ____.

Answer 22

biodiversity.

Question 23

Around 8.7 million species of plants and animals are thought to exist, according to scientists. However, to far, only about ____ million species, the most of which are insects, have been recognized and described. This implies that the identities of millions of other creatures are yet unknown.

Answer 23

1.2

Question 24

Around ___ million species of plants and animals are thought to exist, according to scientists. However, to far, only about 1.2 million species, the most of which are insects, have been recognized and described. This implies that the identities of millions of other creatures are yet unknown.

Answer 24

8.7

Question 25

All living things that can reproduce sexually belong to the same _____.

Answer 25

species

Question 26

_____ are places with exceptionally high biodiversity levels.

Answer 26

Hotspots

Question 27

______ are also home to endemic species, which can only be found in a single place

Answer 27

Hotspots

Question 28

_______ is the branch of biology that classifies all living things. It was developed by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus, who lived during the 18th Century, and his system of classification is still used today.

Answer 28

Taxonomy

Question 29

Threats to biodiversity include population expansion, pollution, and climate change. The rate of ______ of species has increased at an unheard-of rate as a result of these concerns.

Answer 29

extinction

Question 30

Taxonomy is the branch of biology that classifies all living things. It was developed by the Swedish botanist _____ _____-, who lived during the 18th Century, and his system of classification is still used today.

Answer 30

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 31

He invented binomial nomenclature, the system of giving each type of organism a genus and species name.

Answer 31

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 32

Carolus Linnaeus also developed a classification system called the _____ ______, which today has eight ranks from general to specific: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Answer 32

taxonomic hierarchy

Question 33

He also developed a classification system called the taxonomic hierarchy, which today has eight ranks from general to specific: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Answer 33

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 34

He also developed a classification system called the taxonomic hierarchy, which today has eight ranks from general to specific: Identify

Answer 34

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Question 35

Kingdom - Organisms able to move on their own

Answer 35

Animals

Question 36

Phylum - Animals with a backbone.

Answer 36

Chordates

Question 37

Class - Chordates with fur or hair and milk glands.

Answer 37

Mammals

Question 38

Order - Mammals with collar bones and grasping fingers

Answer 38

Primates

Question 39

Family - Primates with relatively flat faces and three-dimensional vision.

Answer 39

Hominids

Question 40

Genus - Hominids with upright posture and large brains

Answer 40

Homo

Question 41

Species - Members of the genus homo with a high forehead and thin skull bones.

Answer 41

Homo sapiens

Question 42

A _______ (plural: taxa) is a group of organisms that are classified as a unit. This can be specific or general.

Answer 42

Taxon - For example, we could say that all humans are a taxon at the species level since they are all the same species, but we could also say that humans along with all other primates are a taxon at the order level, since they all belong to the order Primates.

Question 43

Many mnemonic devices can be used to remember the order of the taxonomic hierarchy, such as “Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti”.

Answer 43

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Question 44

The term ______ ______ refers to all the living components in an ecosystem. A slightly different concept is encompassed in the word biota, which refers to all flora and fauna, or plant and animal life, in a particular region.

Answer 44

biological community or biological communities

Question 45

The term biological community refers to all the living components in an ecosystem. A slightly different concept is encompassed in the word ___, which refers to all flora and fauna, or plant and animal life, in a particular region.

Answer 45

biota

Question 46

it is referring to a biological interaction where one organism captures and kills other organisms, its prey.

Answer 46

2. Predation

Question 47

2.1. It is one of the known modes of feeding behaviors that includes parasitism and micropredation and parasitoids.

Answer 47

2. Predation

Question 47

3. A ____ _____ is referring to any close and long-term biological interaction between two different organisms.

Answer 47

symbiotic relationship

Question 48

3. A symbiotic relationship is referring to any close and long-term biological interaction between two different organisms. 3.1. The organisms, each termed a ____, may be of the same or different species.

Answer 48

symbiont

Question 49

it is referring to a biological and ecological interaction where both organisms benefit from each other.

Answer 49

4. Mutualism

Question 50

A symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

Answer 50

5. Parasitism

Question 50

It is a concept that was introduced by Robert T. Paine in 1969. It pertains to species relative to its abundance is a disproportionate effect on its natural environment.

Answer 50

6. Keystone species.

Question 51

Keystone species is a concept that was introduced by ___ __ _____ in 1969. It pertains to species relative to its abundance is a disproportionate effect on its natural environment.

Answer 51

Robert T. Paine

Question 52

A population consists of all individuals of a single ____ that exist together at a given place and time.

Answer 52

species

Question 52

A ____ is a single type of organism that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Answer 52

species

Question 52

A ______ consists of all individuals of a single species that exist together at a given place and time.

Answer 52

population

Question 53

All of the populations living together in the same area make up a ____.

Answer 53

community.

Question 54

An _____ is made up of the living organisms in a community and the nonliving things, the physical and chemical factors, that they interact with.

Answer 54

ecosystem

Question 55

The living organisms within an ecosystem are its ____ factors

Answer 55

biotic

Question 56

the physical and chemical features within an ecosystem are ____ factors

Answer 56

abiotic

Question 56

_____ factors include resources living organisms need, such as light, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, good soil, and nitrogen, phosphorous, and other nutrients.

Answer 56

Abiotic

Question 57

_____ factors include environmental features that are not materials or living things, such as living space and the right temperature range.

Answer 57

Abiotic

Question 58

____ moves through an ecosystem in one direction. Organisms must make a living. This means that each individual organism must acquire enough food ____ to live and reproduce.

Answer 58

Energy

Question 59

A species' way of making a living is called its ____.

Answer 59

niche - An example of a niche is making a living as a top carnivore, an animal that eats other animals, but is not eaten by any other animals.

Question 60

A ______ is the biotic part of an ecosystem. It consists of all the populations of all the species in the same area. It also includes their interactions.

Answer 60

community

Question 60

An organism’s _____ is where it lives. The important characteristics of a _____ include climate, the availability of food, water, and other resources, and other factors, such as weather.

Answer 60

habitat

Question 61

____ _____ in communities are important factors in natural selection. They help shape the evolution of the interacting species.

Answer 61

Species interactions

Question 62

There are three major types of community interactions:

Answer 62

predation, competition, and symbiosis.

Question 63

is a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place. The resources might be food, water, or space.

Answer 63

* Competition

Question 64

is a relationship in which members of one species (the predator) consume members of another species (the prey).

Answer 64

* Predation

Question 65

There are two different types of competition:

Answer 65

Intraspecific competition and Interspecific competition

Question 66

occurs between members of different species. For example, predators of different species might compete for the same prey.

Answer 66

2. Interspecific competition

Question 66

occurs between members of the same species. For example, two male birds of the same species might compete for mates in the same area. This type of competition is a basic factor in natural selection. It leads to the evolution of better adaptations within a species.

Answer 66

1. Intraspecific competition

Question 67

It is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits.

Answer 67

Symbiosis

Question 68

There are three basic types of symbiosis:

Answer 68

mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

Question 69

Species A: Benefits Species B: Benefits

Answer 69

mutualism

Question 70

Species A: Benefits Species B: Unaffected

Answer 70

commensalism

Question 71

Species A: Benefits Species B: Harmed

Answer 71

parasitism

Question 72

A ___ ____ is an arrangement of the organisms according to the order of predation in which one uses another as a food source. It also shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem.it allows one to identify what eats what.

Answer 72

food chain

Question 73

The ___ _____ refers to the position of organisms in the food chain.

Answer 73

trophic level

Question 74

A ___ ____ shows interlocking food chains. It allows one to see the precise feeding relationship among populations of organisms.

Answer 74

food web

Question 75

The ___ ___ is the part of the natural ecosystem in which food, nutrients, and energy are transmitted from one organism to another organism

Answer 75

food chain

Question 76

the ___ ___ is a system in which numerous food chains are interconnected with each other.

Answer 76

food web

Question 77

_______ are complex systems that can be characterized by community structure (the number and size of populations and their interactions) and community dynamics (how the members and their interactions change over time).

Answer 77

Communities

Question 78

(the number and size of populations and their interactions)

Answer 78

community structure

Question 79

(how the members and their interactions change over time)

Answer 79

community dynamics

Question 80

A _____ ____ is one whose presence has inordinate influence in maintaining the prevalence of various species, the ecological community’s structure, and sometimes its biodiversity.

Answer 80

keystone species

Question 81

____ _____ are the changes in community structure and composition over time, often following environmental disturbances such as volcanoes, earthquakes, storms, fires, and climate change.

Answer 81

Community dynamics

Question 82

Communities with a relatively constant number of species are said to be at ____. The _____ is dynamic with species identities and relationships changing over time, but maintaining relatively constant numbers.

Answer 82

equilibrium

Question 83

_____ describes the sequential appearance and disappearance of species in a community over time after a severe disturbance.

Answer 83

Succession

Question 84

In ____ succession, newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living organisms.

Answer 84

primary

Question 85

In ___ succession, a part of an ecosystem is disturbed and remnants of the previous community remain.

Answer 85

secondary

Question 86

Carolus Linnaeus invented ____ _______, the system of giving each type of organism a genus and species name.

Answer 86

binomial nomenclature

Question 87

All types of food chains have (BLANK) as its components.

Answer 87

sunlight, producer, consumer, and decomposer

Question 88

* Overpopulation * Pollution * Global Warming * Genetic Modification * Ocean Acidification * Overfishing * Deforestation * Acid Rain * Ozone Depletion

Answer 88

HUMAN IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT