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Biochemistry Lecture and Laboratory > Enzyme & Digestion > Flashcards

Enzyme & Digestion Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

biocatalysts that are synthesized in a living cell

A

Enzyme

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2
Q

t or f

enzymes are linear proteins

A

False, globular proteins

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3
Q

T or F

enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by a factor up to 10 (20) over an uncatalyzed reaction

A

T

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4
Q

T or F

enzymes are specific to the extent that they can detect stereoisomers of a given compound.

A

partly trueee. they are HIGHLY SPECIFIC

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5
Q

T or F

Fine-tuned by regulatory responses

A

TRUE

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6
Q

is enzyme being consumed in the chemical reaction?

A

no, they speed it up but they cant be part of the product

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7
Q

Activation Energy is lowered if the reaction is allowed to proceed on?

A

Platinum Surface

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8
Q

normal body tempt

A

37C

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9
Q

T or F

High tempt will denature the enzyme

A

T

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10
Q

Tempt that enzyme works efficiently

A

Optimum Temperature

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11
Q

T or F

INCREASING THE TEMPT of a reaction mixture INCREASE THE ENERGY available to the reactants to reach TRANSITION STATE

A

TRUE

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12
Q

AKA Reactant

A

Substrate

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13
Q

a portion of enzyme surface to which substrate binds via non covalent bonds

&

where reaction takes place

A

active site

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14
Q

T or F
noncovalent bond - active site & substrate
covalent bond - disaccharides

A

T

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15
Q

what is the 1st step in enzyme & substrate?

A

binding of substrate to the enzyme

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16
Q

T or F

Its always the enzyme that attacks the substrate

A

False

its always the substrate that attacks the enzyme

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17
Q

2 binding models

A

Lock & Key

Induced Fit

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18
Q

there’s only specific enzyme for the specific enzyme

A

lock & key

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19
Q

binding of substrate induces in the confirmation of enzyme

enzyme has different configuration in the first place but adjust to the confirmation of the substrate

A

Induced Fit

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20
Q

common mechanism for an enzyme that catalyzes reaction containing 2 or more substrate

A

enzyme mechanism

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21
Q

3 enzyme mechanism?

A

Ordered, Random, Ping Pong

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22
Q

there are ____ enzyme commission number (EC Number)

A

6

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23
Q

gain of oxygen and loss of hydrogen

transfer of electron from molecule to another

A

Oxireductases

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24
Q

transfer of functional group

amino group, acetal group, phosphate group

A

Transferases

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25
hydrolysis(addition of water)
Hydrolases
26
removal of functional group without use of hydrolysis & oxidation
lyases | also breaking down of chemical bond
27
rearrangement of atoms within a molecule
isomerase
28
joining 2 molecules using energy derived from the breakdown of ATP
Ligase
29
The functional unit of enzyme
holoenzyme
30
Non-protein part of the enzyme | ○ It is usually a metal-ion
COFACTOR or PROSTHETIC GROUP
31
Organic molecule cofactor groups | which attach to the enzyme at time of reaction
coenzyme
32
T or F Enzyme’s active site binds with the substrate
T
33
T or F ENZYME SUBSTRATE COMPLEX This complex decreases the activation energy of the reaction
True
34
T or F enzyme-substrate promotes rapid progression by providing certain ions or chemical group that form covalent bond with molecules
False
35
T or F Enzyme promote chemical reactions by bringing substrates together in an optimal orientation
T
36
It is the process of breaking down food by mechanical and chemical action in the digestive tract into substances that can be used by the body.
digestion
37
Digestive enzymes released into the digestive tract • They break down large polymeric biomolecules into individual monomers or oligomers
Chemical Digestion
38
It is the temperature at which enzymes best facilitate reactions - It is the certain temperature at which enzymes catalytic activity is at its greatest
Optimum Temperature
39
It is the most favorable pH value in which the enzyme is most active
Optimum pH but it depends on the enzyme pepsin- acidic bile - basic
40
T or F ``` ✓ Increase of the substrate concentration results in an increase of the enzymatic activity but only to a certain extent ```
t
41
T or F Substrate decrease will have no effect on the reaction rate as all the enzymes have already been saturated
False Substrate increase will not have effect on the reaction kasi saturated na yung enzymes
42
detects reducing sugars with free aldehyde and ketone
benedicts test
43
detects reducing monosaccharides
barfoed's test
44
Starch keeps on giving blue color with iodine until it is completely digested into maltose. At this point, when no blue color is formed, this means that salivary amylase is at its optimum temperature/pH. T or F
T
45
T or F Antacids increase the pH in the stomach, which might make the enzymes in the stomach less effective. The low pH of the juices in the stomach can cause ulcers if they eat through the walls of the small intestine or stomach.
T
46
T or F Metal Ions can be either activators or inhibitors, depending on how heavy the metal is
T
47
T or F Pepsin and pancreatin works best in specific pH levels (pepsin in acidic, pancreatin in basic). Adding the 3N NaOH until basic to litmus ensures that we will be getting the results similar to what happens in our body; and vise versa.
T
48
catalyze the hydrolysis of starch into sugars
amylases salivary & pancreatic
49
T or F Soduim Carbonate acts as a catalyst for realising enzymes from the pancreatin to break down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
T mainly starch
50
Tautomerization or formation of enedioles occur after the reducing sugar is mixed __________
Benedict's Reagent
51
Specifically found in the pancreas and is synthesized by acinar cells then secreted into the gastrointestinal tract
pancreatic amylase
52
an enzyme that acts on starch to break it into many molecules of maltose, which is the raw form of carbohydrates.
salivary amylase
53
``` Primarily produced in salivary glands but can also be produced in ovaries, fallopian tubes, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, striated muscle, and malignant neoplasms ```
salivary amylase
54
It speeds up digestive processes which take place along digestive tract from mouth to small intestines
pancreatic amylase
55
Important metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into glucose.
pancreatic amylase
56
More effective at breaking down complex carbs that take longer to breakdown
pancreatic amylase
57
Even before food enters the stomach and small intestines, partial digestion of carbohydrates is occurring in the mouth.
salivary amylase
58
T or F The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth The salivary enzyme amylase begins the breakdown of food starches into maltose, a disaccharide.
T
59
The acidic environment in the stomach stops the action of the amylase enzyme. T o F
T
60
T or F The next step of carbohydrate digestion takes place in the duodenum. Recall that the chyme from the stomach enters the duodenum and mixes with the digestive secretion from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
T
61
T or F Pancreatic juices also contain amylase, which continues the breakdown of starch and glycogen into maltose, a disaccharide. The disaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides by enzymes called maltases.
T
62
Also known as pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase
Pancreatin Lipase
63
T or F lipids is water-soluble enzyme is not water soluble
F lipids, insoluble in nature enzyme watersoluble
64
It should undergo high pH to be activated
pancreactic lipase
65
Secreted by the hepatocytes in the liver | and stored in the gallbladder.
Bile
66
convert fats in food into fatty acids, which are absorbed in the gut. In the duodenum, it coats and emulsifies large fat droplets to smaller fat droplets
Bile
67
(C24H39NaO4)
SODIUM CHOLEATE
68
``` Extract of sodium salt from ox bile. It aids in the digestion and processing of proteins and lipids. A trihydroxy bile salt that is used as a digestive aid in dietary supplements. - People who have had their gall bladder removed and are unable to make their own bile are often the only ones who utilize it. ```
sodium cholate
69
T or F Since lipids contain fatty acids, when hydrolyzed, there should be a increase in pH
false lipids hydrolyzed have decrease in pH
70
determines whether or not bile salts are present in the urine
hay's test
71
If the sulfur powder floats on the surface of | the test tube, the result is
negative
72
If the sulfur powder settles to the bottom of the test tube, it is a
positive result for hay test

Biochemistry Lecture and Laboratory (8 decks)

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