enzymes

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

all of the chemical reactions in an organism

Question 2

metabolic pathways

Answer 2

a series of chemical reaction that either build or break down complex molecules

Question 3

catabolic pathways

Answer 3

pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler components

Question 4

anabolic pathways

Answer 4

pathways that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds

Question 5

energy

Answer 5

the ability to do work

Question 6

kinetic energy

Answer 6

energy associated with motion

Question 7

thermal energy

Answer 7

energy associated with the movement of atoms or molecules

Question 8

potential energy

Answer 8

stored energy

Question 9

chemical energy

Answer 9

potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Question 10

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 10

energy cannot be created or destroyed

energy CAN be transferred or transformed

Question 11

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 11

• energy transformation increases the entropy

- during some transformations or transfers energy can be unusable and is lost as heat

Question 12

exergonic reactions

Answer 12

reactions that release energy

Question 13

endergonic reactions

Answer 13

reactions that absorb energy

Question 14

mechanical

Answer 14

movement

Question 15

transport

Answer 15

pumping substance across membranes against spontaneous movement

Question 16

chemical

Answer 16

synthesis of molecules

Question 17

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate

Answer 17

molecule that organisms use as a source of energy

Question 18

how do organisms gain energy

Answer 18

by breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate in a hydrolysis reaction

Question 19

phosphorylation

Answer 19

a released phosphate moves to another molecule to give it energy

Question 20

enzymes

Answer 20

macromolecules that catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy

Question 21

enzyme structure

Answer 21

the enzyme acts on a reactant called a substrate

Question 22

induced fit

Answer 22

enzymes will change the shape of their active site to allow a substrate to bond

Question 23

what effects an enzymes efficiency

Answer 23

temperature- prefer hot not cold
ph
chemicals

Question 24

cofactors

Answer 24

non-protein molecules that assist enzyme function

Question 25

enzyme inhibitors

Answer 25

redduce the activity of a specific enzyme

-can be permanent (inhibitor with covalent bonds) or reversible (inhibitor binds with weak interactions)

Question 26

competitive inhibitors

Answer 26

reduce enzyme activity by blocking substrates from binding to active site
-can be reversed with increased substrate concentrations

Question 27

noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 27

bind to an area other than the active site which changes the shape the active site preventing binding

Question 28

allosteric regulation

Answer 28

• have two binding sites

- regulatory site and active site

Question 29

allosteric activator

Answer 29

substrate binds to allosteric site and stabilizes the shape of the enzyme so that the active site remains open

Question 30

allosteric inhibitor

Answer 30

substrate binds to allosteric site and stabilizes the enzyme shape so that the active sites are closed

Question 31

cooperativity

Answer 31

substrate binds to one active site (on an enzyme with more than one active site) which stabilizes the active form b