Enzymes Flashcards
(25 cards)
They are proteins that act as catalysts — those that speed up the specific reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy.
Protein
This term is the minimum amount of extra energy required by a reacting molecule to convert into a different product.
Activation Energy
Proteins are this type if they function outside the cell.
Extracellular
Proteins are this type if they function inside the cell.
Intracellular
The region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind, creating an enzyme-substrate to undergo a chemical reaction.
Active Site
Name the 2 hypotheses that discuss the specificity of enzymes.
- Lock-and-Key Hypothesis
- Induced Fit Mechanism
Name this hypothesis that states that enzymes have an absolute shape for their active site and only the substrates that have the same shape as the active site can bind to the enzyme.
Lock-and-key Hypothesis
This hypothesis states that the enzyme has an active site without a definite shape. Once a substrate of a certain shape approaches the enzyme, the active site of the enzyme will change its shape according to the substrate’s
Induced Fit Mechanism
This international organization is responsible for giving names to enzymes.
International Union of Biochemistry
Most of the time, you’ll know a molecule is an enzyme because it ends in this suffix
-ase
This is the factor that the classification of enzymes is based on.
The type of reaction it catalyzes and the substrate they act upon.
These are the enzymes that are involved in redox reactions.
Oxidoreductases
This type of oxidoreductase that transfers Hydrogen ions, particularly in the electron transport chain reactions of cell respiration in conjunction with the coenzymes NAD and FAD.
Dehydrogenases
This type of oxidoreductase transfers oxygen from molecular oxygen.
Oxygenases
This type of oxidoreductase is involved in electron transfer to peroxide. Its main function is to break down hydrogen peroxide.
Peroxidases
These are the enzyme that is involved in the transfer of an atom or group of atoms from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule
Transferases
These enzymes catalyze hydrolytic reactions and condensation. These also split chemical bonds (peptide, glycosidic, ester).
Hydrolase
These enzymes are involved in elimination or addition reactions in which a group of atoms is removed or added in a substrate.
Lyases
These enzymes catalyze the internal rearrangement of atoms in a substrate and convert one isomer to another.
Isomerases
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds usually useS the energy derived from the concurrent splitting off of a pyrophosphate group from a triphosphate
Synthases (Ligases)
A _______ enzyme refers to an enzyme that has lost its normal three-dimensional, or tertiary, structure.
denatured
Factors that Affect Enzyme Activity
- pH level
- Temperature
- Substrate Concentration
At this temperature below, enzymes are still inactivated.
0ºC
a process that produces organic compounds from inorganic compounds by using light energy captured by pigments present in chloroplasts.
Photosynthesis
