enzymes Flashcards
(21 cards)
what are enzymes
catalysts in biochemical pathways, speed up reactions
why are enzymes essential
without them our body would be too slow to maintain life
substrate
molecule that enzyme acts upon
enzyme-substrate complex
when the substrate has bound with enzyme at active site
enzyme specificity
each enzyme can only catalyse a particular reaction or a specific set of reactions
lock and key model
specific for that enzyme
enzyme = lock, substrate =key
active site is rigid and fixed
induced fit model
active site of enzyme has defined shape but with flexibility
binding site not exactly complementary to substrate
what does metabolism mean
- a collection of all biochemical reactions that occur in living cells
- enzymes regulate biochemical pathways
what is catalytic power
enzyme ability to increase reaction rate
catabolism
- exergonic
- release energy
- breakdown
- cellular respiration
anabolism
- endothermic
- require energy
- synthesis
- photosynthesis
ababolic
two reactions creating one product
catabolic
large substance broken down(into products)
activation energy
energy to start
enzyme effect of activation energy
reduce activation energy
saturation point (substance and enzyme concentration)
- addition of more substrate will initially increase rate of reaction
- once all active site of enzyme are filled, reaction rate tappers
- can only increase with more enzyme added
inhibition
the binding of another component and/or change in the shape of the molecule that prevents the molecule from functioning
reversible inhibition
- hydrogen bond
- weak
- temporarily adhered to enzyme
irreversible
- covalent bonding
- strong
- permanently adhered to enzyme
competitive inhibition
two molecules trying to bind at the same point, if inhibitor binds then no reaction as there’s no substrate
non-competitive inhibition
- changes shape when inhibitor binds to allosteric
- substrate cannot bind anymore, similar to denaturing
- stops enzyme from working
