Enzymes Flashcards
(37 cards)
How does a ph that is very different to the optimum affect enzyme activity?
The change in ph will distort the enzymes active site denaturing it so that it can no longer fit the specific substrate
Describe the effect of the ph on the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction
- the rate of enzyme catalysed reaction is the fastest at the optimum ph
- if the ph is too high or low, the enzyme will work less efficiently and the active site may be denatured
If the temperature increases above the optimum, how does this affect enzyme function?
The active site will be distorted as the enzyme denatures and so it will no longer fit the substrate
Why doe the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction increase when the temperature increases?
- as the temperature increases the particles have more kineti energy
- this increases the chance of collisions between molecules being successful and leading to a reaction
Describe the effect of temperature on the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction
- as the temperature increases, so doe he rate of reaction
- once the temperature exceeds the optimum, the enzyme denatures and the rate of reaction decreases
What are the fur factors that affect the rate of enzyme controlled reactions
- ph
- temperature
- substrate concentration
- enzyme concentration
What does the statement enzymes are highly specific mean?
The active site of the enzyme must bind to a substrate that has a complementary shape and so only specific reactions can be catalysed.
Describe enzyme action
- a substrate that fits the specific active site of the enzyme binds to create and enzyme-substrate complex, a reaction occurs catalysed by the enzyme and the products are released
Why are enzymes necessary in biological systems?
They speed up reactions so that less energy is needed for the reaction to occur
Describe the structure of enzymes
- enzymes are proteins that contain a highly specific active site that fits a specific substrate
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reactions
What is a catalyst?
A substrate which increases the rate of reaction without being used up
Pepsin
Breaks proteins into polypeptides.
Protein digesting enzymes produced by the pancreas
Three types of digestive enzymes
- Carbohydrates
- proteases
- lipeases
Example of a carbohydrate enzyme
Amylase
Where is amylase made?
- Salivary glands
- pancreas
- small intestine
What are carbohydrates such as starch broken down into?
Simple sugars such as glucose
Where are proteases made?
- stomach
- pancreas
- small intestine
What are the products of protein digestion?
Amino acids
Where do proteases work?
Stomach and small intestine
What are the products of lipid digestion?
Glycerol and fatty acids
Where are lipeases made/
Pancreas and small intestine
Where is bile made?
In the liver
Where is bile stored?
The gall bladder
