Enzymes

Question 1

Macromolecules that catalyze chemical reactions in the body and increase the rate of chemical reactions without themselves being changed in the overall
process

Answer 1

Enzymes

Question 2

Majority of all known enzymes are what type of protein shape?

Answer 2

Globular

Question 3

Are all enzymes proteins? True or false

Answer 3

False

Question 3

Enzymes made of ribonucleic acids

Answer 3

Ribozymes

Question 3

Most enzymes are very specific. True or false

Answer 3

True

Question 4

inhibits the enzyme that forms cell walls of bacteria, destroying the bacterium

Answer 4

Penicillin

Question 4

causes blood vessels to narrow, increasing blood pressure.

Answer 4

ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)

Question 4

given to those with high blood pressure to prevent ACE’s synthesis from it’s zymogen

Answer 4

ACE inhibitors

Question 5

allows the virus to make copies of itself

Answer 5

HIV protease

Question 6

interfere with this copying,
decreasing the virus population in the patient

Answer 6

HIV protease inhibitors

Question 7

These are enzymes consisting of only amino acid units

Answer 7

Simple enzymes

Question 8

These are enzymes that consist of a protein part and a non-protein part

Answer 8

Conjugated enzymes

Question 9

The protein part of an enzyme

Answer 9

Apoenzyme

Question 10

When an enzyme or apoenzyme is inactive, it is called..?

Answer 10

Proenzyme

Question 11

The non-protein inorganic part of an enzyme (ex. iron, zinc, copper)

Answer 11

Cofactor

Question 12

The non-protein organic part of an enzyme (ex. B vitamins, NAD)

Answer 12

Coenzyme

Question 13

A functioning enzyme that consists of both the protein and nonprotein parts is called..?

Answer 13

Holoenzyme

Question 14

a model states that the active site is
a rigid cavity; to react, the substrate must exactly match the shape of the active site.

Answer 14

Lock and key model

Question 14

involved when oxygen acts as an acceptor of hydrogen or electrons.

Answer 14

Oxidases

Question 15

the substance acted on by an enzyme

Answer 15

Substrate

Question 15

The substrate binds to a specific portion of the enzyme during the reaction, called..?

Answer 15

Active site

Question 15

a model that assumes that the substrate plays a role in
determining the final shape of the enzyme and that the enzyme is partially flexible.

Answer 15

Induced fit model

Question 16

Enzymes that catalyze the oxidation-reduction
between two substrates

Answer 16

Oxidoreductase

Question 17

oxidize a substrate by transferring hydrogen to an acceptor that is either NAD+/NADP+ or a flavin enzyme

Answer 17

Dehydrogenases

Question 18

catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

Answer 18

Peroxidases

Question 19

add hydroxyl groups (OH) to its substrates

Answer 19

Hydroxylases

Question 20

incorporate oxygen from molecular oxygen into organic substrates

Answer 20

Oxygenases

Question 21

catalyze reductions, in most cases reductases can act like an oxidases

Answer 21

Reductases

Question 22

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a functional group between two substrates

Answer 22

Transferase

Question 23

an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a specified molecule

Answer 23

Kinase

Question 24

catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate (HPO4) to a substrate

Answer 24

Phosphorylases

Question 25

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of esters, carbohydrates, and proteins (polypeptides)

Answer 25

Hydrolase

Question 26

Enzymes that catalyze the removal of groups from substrates by mechanisms other than hydrolysis

Answer 26

Lyase

Question 27

Enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of stereoisomers and structural isomers

Answer 27

Isomerase

Question 28

Enzymes that catalyze the linking of two compounds by breaking a phosphate anhydride bond in ATP

Answer 28

Ligase

Question 29

Organic compounds required by many enzymes for catalytic activity

Answer 29

Coenzymes

Question 30

organic compounds that are loosely bound to an enzyme and dissociates in an altered form as part of the catalytic cycle

Answer 30

Cosubstrates

Question 31

coenzymes that are tightly (or covalently) and permanently bond to a protein

Answer 31

Prosthetic group

Question 32

Any process that initiates or increases the action of an enzyme

Answer 32

Activation

Question 33

Any process that makes an active enzyme less active or inactive

Answer 33

Inhibition

Question 34

has a shape and structure similar to the substrate, so it competes with the substrate for binding to the active site

Answer 34

Competitive inhibitor

Question 35

It is a lipase inhibitor that prevents the breakdown of fat

Answer 35

Orlistat

Question 36

Binds to some other portion of the enzyme surface and sufficiently alter the tertiary structure of the enzyme so that its catalytic effectiveness is eliminated

Answer 36

Non-competitive inhibitor

Question 37

The amount factor that affects enzyme activity

Answer 37

Enzyme and substrate concentration

Question 38

The hotness and coldness that affects enzyme activity

Answer 38

Temperature

Question 38

The factor in which, if it is too far from the optimum level, the enzyme will not function

Answer 38

pH

Question 38

An interaction takes place at a position other than the active site but affects the active site

Answer 38

Allosterism

Question 38

Inactive enzymes and are activated by the cleavage of one or a few peptide bonds

Answer 38

Zymogens or proenzymes

Question 38

The activation or inhibition of the first reaction in a sequence is controlled by a product in the reaction sequence

Answer 38

Feedback control

Question 39

the binding substance

Answer 39

Regulator

Question 39

the site where the binding substance attaches

Answer 39

Regulatory site

Question 40

Enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction

Answer 40

Isozymes