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Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

All the chemical reactions that occur
in a cell

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

Biological catalyst composed of amino
acids that function to increase the rate of
chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

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3
Q

substance on which an enzyme acts

A

Substrate

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4
Q

When enzyme binds to the substrate, it forms
the ____

A

enzyme substrate complex

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5
Q

Part of enzyme that binds to substrate and facilities the chemical reaction

A

Active Site

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6
Q

What happens after the binding of a substrate to an enzyme in the active site?

A

The product (s) are released from the enzyme

The enzyme is free to react with another
substrate

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7
Q

Enzymes lower

A

Activation energy

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8
Q

Activation energy

A

The energy needed to complete a chemical reaction

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9
Q

Which line demonstrates the enzyme is present

(Graph with PROGRESS OF REACTION & FREE ENERGY)

A

The blue line (?) LOOK IT UP

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10
Q

A beam of light will pass through the solution, and the spectrophotometer will provide

A

the absorbance value for a specific wavelength of light

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11
Q

the quantity of light absorbed by a
solution

A

Absorbance

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12
Q

In a cuvette only touch

A

The grooved side

DO NOT TOUCH THE SMOOTH SIDES—it will affect the aborbance

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13
Q

You need to wipe the

A

Smooth sides of a cuvette with a Kim Wipe before taking a reading

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14
Q

What is a blank cuvette?

A

A cuvette filled with distilled water

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15
Q

Tyrosinase

A

an enzyme found in our bodies that is responsible for the first step in melanin production

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16
Q

A form of Tyrosinase found in plants is called

A

Catechol oxidase

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17
Q

Catachol Oxidase

A

responsible for the brown color found when
fruits are exposed to oxygen (substrate) after
being sliced

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18
Q

Investigation 1 - Tyrosinase

The enzyme was:

A

Tyrosinase

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19
Q

Investigation 1 - Tyrosinase

The substrate was:

A

Pyrocatechol + O2

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20
Q

Investigation 1 - Tyrosinase

The reaction will start out

A

colorless

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21
Q

Investigation 1 - Tyrosinase

The product was:

A

Hydroxyquinone + H2O

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22
Q

Investigation 1 - Tyrosinase

The product formed will have a

A

Yellow color

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23
Q

Investigation 1 - Tyrosinase

As more hydroxyquinone is produced, would you expect the absorbance (for yellow light) to increase or decrease?

24
Q

Investigation 1 - Tyrosinase

The tube products looked like

25
Exercise 1, 2 & 3 of Tyrosinase looked at
exploring the enzymatic reactions
26
Exercise 1, 2 & 3 analyzed
how the absorbance (A 475) changed based on various concentrations of DI water, substrate and enzyme
27
A higher absorbance value =
more product being produced
28
Exercise 4 looked at the
Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Activity
29
Exercise 4: Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Activity Enzymes have a temperature change ___
Where they are most active
30
Exercise 4: Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Activity A temperate outside of active range may
Denature (destroy) the enzyme and lower its activity
31
Exercise 4: Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Activity What did we do?
Created tubes and submerged each tube in the corresponding temperature
32
Exercise 4: Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Activity Enzyme should be added as soon
As you place the tube into the temperature ASAP
33
Exercise 4: Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Activity At low temperatures__
the enzyme is inactive
34
Exercise 4: Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Activity At high temperatures__
The enzyme is denatured
35
Exercise 4: Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Activity At the optimal temperature the enzyme __
Will have the highest rate of activity 40°C
36
Denatured means
Destroyed
37
Exercise 5: The Effects of pH on Enzyme Activity Enzymes have a pH range where they
Are most active
38
Exercise 5: The Effects of pH on Enzyme Activity A pH outside optimal range may__
Denature the enzyme and lower its activity
39
Buffers
Solution that will resist pH change
40
Exercise 5: The Effects of pH on Enzyme Activity The optimal pH for a stomach enzyme is
2.4
41
Exercise 5: The Effects of pH on Enzyme Activity The optimal pH for an intestinal enzyme is
8.5
42
Exercise 6: The Effect of Inhibitors on Enzyme Activity Phenylthiourea is
An inhibitor of Tyrosinase
43
Exercise 6: The Effect of Inhibitors on Enzyme Activity We explored how
The addition of Phenylthiourea and Tyrosine will affect the Tyrosinase reaction
44
Exercise 6: The Effect of Inhibitors on Enzyme Activity We made tubes to determine the
Absorbance values
45
Exercise 6: The Effect of Inhibitors on Enzyme Activity 1ml =
20 drops
46
Exercise 6: The Effect of Inhibitors on Enzyme Activity 0.1ml Tyrosine =
2 drops
47
What was a poison?
Pyrocatechol
48
Tyrosinase
creates melanin in animals Called Catechol Oxidase in plants
49
Pyrocatechol
Clear colorless liquid AND POISONOUS
50
Hydroxyquinone
Yellow color that indicates a reaction has occurred between enzyme and substrate
51
Tyrosine
nonessential amino acid the body makes from another amino acid
52
Phenylthiourea
interferes with the production of pyoverdine thus impairing the iron uptake ability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
53
Discuss the importance of enzymes to living systems and their reusability.
Enzymes let chemical reactions in the body happen millions of times faster than without the enzyme they are not part of the product, so they can be reused again
54
Which conditions was Tyrosinase most active? How did volume and concentration of various components change the enzymeactivity?
most active at optimal temperature (around 40°C) and pH (7) Substrate concentration: Increased activity until saturation. Enzyme concentration: More enzyme led to higher activity if the substrate was available. Volume changes: Affected reaction rate by altering substrate and enzyme availability.
55
Tyrosinase uses in the real world.
Food Industry – responsible for browning in fruits and vegetables when they are cut or bruised Cosmetics & Skincare – Tyrosinase plays a key role in melanin production in human skin
56
What pH was Tyrosinase most active?
Around pH7

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